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Power Factor Calculator
Calculate power factor, apparent power, reactive power, phase angle, and estimated correction kVAR for single-phase and three-phase electrical loads.
Input Parameters
Results
Equations Used
Single-phase apparent power: S = V × I
Three-phase apparent power: S = √3 × VLL × I
Power Factor: PF = P / S
Reactive Power: Q = √(S² - P²)
Phase Angle: φ = cos⁻¹(PF)
Correction kVAR: Qcorrection = P × (tan φcurrent - tan φtarget)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: What is power factor?
Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power. It shows how effectively current is converted into useful work.
Q2: Why does low power factor matter?
Low power factor increases current for the same real power, increasing cable loss, transformer loading, and sometimes utility penalties.
Q3: How is three-phase apparent power calculated?
For balanced three-phase systems, apparent power is √3 × line-to-line voltage × line current.
Q4: What is reactive power?
Reactive power is the non-working power exchanged by inductors and capacitors, measured in VAR or kVAR.
Q5: Can this size a capacitor bank exactly?
It gives kVAR correction guidance. Real capacitor bank selection must consider harmonics, voltage rating, switching, detuning reactors, and local standards.
Q6: What is a good power factor?
Many systems target 0.90 to 0.95 or higher, but the correct value depends on utility requirements and equipment design.
