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Home > Products > Discrete Semiconductor Products > Transistors > Bipolar (BJT) > Single Bipolar Transistors

onsemi 2N3416_D27Z

Name: 2N3416_D27Z
Brand: onsemi
SKU: 2N3416_D27Z
Price: 2.40 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (2 reviews)

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Part No.:: 2N3416_D27Z

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Category:: Single Bipolar Transistors

Package:: TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA) Formed Leads

Datasheet:: 2N3416_D27Z.pdf

Description:: TRANS NPN 50V 0.5A TO-92-3

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Product details

Overview

2N3416_D27Z from Fairchild Semiconductor is an NPN general-purpose bipolar junction transistor (BJT) designed for amplification and switching applications with continuous collector current up to 500 mA, V_CEO = 50 V, and DC current gain (h_FE) of 75–225 at I_C = 2.0 mA. It is commonly used in low-voltage audio preamplifiers, relay drivers, and discrete logic-level interface circuits.

For engineers reviewing the 2N3416_D27Z datasheet, pinout, applications, or equivalent options, key selection considerations include its TO-92 package configuration, emitter-first tape-and-reel orientation (Style "E", EOL code D27Z), thermal resistance (R_θJA = 200 °C/W), and guaranteed h_FE range under defined bias conditions.

Technical Context

The 2N3416_D27Z operates as a silicon NPN BJT fabricated on Fairchild's Process 10, with specified absolute maximum ratings including T_J = 150 °C and P_D = 625 mW at 25 °C (derated 5.0 mW/°C above). Its electrical behavior is characterized under DC and small-signal conditions at 25 °C, with h_FE and h_fe both specified at V_CE = 4.5 V and I_C = 2.0 mA.

It exhibits defined breakdown voltages: V_(BR)CEO ≥ 50 V (I_C = 10 mA), V_(BR)CBO ≥ 50 V (I_C = 10 µA), and V_(BR)EBO ≥ 5.0 V (I_E = 10 µA). Saturation parameters-V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.3 V and V_BE(sat) = 0.6–1.3 V-are validated at I_C = 50 mA and I_B = 3.0 mA.

Key Specifications

Parameter	Value and Actual Design Meaning
V_CEO	50 V - Maximum safe collector-emitter voltage before breakdown under open-base condition
I_C (continuous)	500 mA - Continuous collector current handling capability without thermal runaway at T_A = 25 °C
h_FE	75–225 - DC current gain range at V_CE = 4.5 V, I_C = 2.0 mA; determines base drive sizing for switching
V_CE(sat)	≤ 0.3 V - Low saturation voltage ensures minimal power loss in switch-on state at I_C = 50 mA / I_B = 3.0 mA
R_θJA	200 °C/W - Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance in free-air; defines required heatsinking for sustained operation
T_J range	−55 to +150 °C - Operational junction temperature window; supports industrial and automotive under-hood ambient extremes

Pinout & Package

2N3416_D27Z is supplied in the standard TO-92 plastic package (Fairchild PKG Code 92), with leads arranged in Emitter–Base–Collector (E-B-C) order when viewed with flat side facing outward and leads pointing downward. The D27Z taping variant specifies Style "E" orientation: first wire off is emitter, adhesive tape on top side, flat side on bottom.

Pin/Terminal	Circuit Role	Design Meaning
Lead 1 (left)	Emitter	Current sink terminal; connected to ground or low-impedance return path in common-emitter configurations
Lead 2 (center)	Base	Control input; requires current-limited drive (typically via resistor) to bias transistor into active or saturation region
Lead 3 (right)	Collector	Current source terminal; connects to load and supply rail; carries full switched or amplified output current

Key Features

Feature	Design Value
Process 10 fabrication	Ensures consistent h_FE distribution and low leakage (I_CBO ≤ 100 nA at V_CB = 25 V) across production lots
Guaranteed h_FE range	75–225 at I_C = 2.0 mA enables predictable base resistor selection without margin overdesign
V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.3 V	Reduces conduction loss in switching applications, improving efficiency in relay and LED driver stages
TO-92 with D27Z taping	Enables automated pick-and-place assembly using emitter-first orientation per EIA-481 standard

Applications

Audio Preamp Stage	Relay Driver Circuit
Use Scenario: Low-noise voltage amplification of microphone or line-level signals in portable audio equipment. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN BJT configured in common-emitter topology to provide 20–40 dB midband voltage gain. Use Value: Stable h_FE and low V_BE(sat) ensure linear operation and minimal crossover distortion at ±9 V supply rails.	Use Scenario: Driving 12 V, 100 mA coil relays from microcontroller GPIO pins. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Switching transistor operating in saturation to fully energize relay coil with minimal voltage drop. Use Value: V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.3 V limits power dissipation to <15 mW, eliminating need for heatsink in PCB space-constrained designs.
Discrete Logic Interface	DC Motor Speed Control
Use Scenario: Level-shifting and current boosting between 3.3 V MCU outputs and 5 V TTL-compatible inputs. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Common-emitter inverter with pull-up resistor to translate logic states while sourcing/sinking >10 mA. Use Value: Guaranteed h_FE ≥ 75 ensures reliable switching at 1–5 kHz PWM frequencies without gate drive complexity.	Use Scenario: Pulse-width modulated (PWM) control of small brushed DC motors (e.g., fans, actuators) up to 300 mA. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Low-side switch in emitter-follower or common-emitter configuration for motor current path control. Use Value: I_C rating of 500 mA and T_J = 150 °C allow sustained 25% duty-cycle operation at ambient temperatures up to 85 °C.

Audio Preamp Stage

Relay Driver Circuit

Use Scenario: Low-noise voltage amplification of microphone or line-level signals in portable audio equipment.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN BJT configured in common-emitter topology to provide 20–40 dB midband voltage gain.

Use Value: Stable h_FE and low V_BE(sat) ensure linear operation and minimal crossover distortion at ±9 V supply rails.

Use Scenario: Driving 12 V, 100 mA coil relays from microcontroller GPIO pins.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Switching transistor operating in saturation to fully energize relay coil with minimal voltage drop.

Use Value: V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.3 V limits power dissipation to <15 mW, eliminating need for heatsink in PCB space-constrained designs.

Discrete Logic Interface

DC Motor Speed Control

Use Scenario: Level-shifting and current boosting between 3.3 V MCU outputs and 5 V TTL-compatible inputs.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Common-emitter inverter with pull-up resistor to translate logic states while sourcing/sinking >10 mA.

Use Value: Guaranteed h_FE ≥ 75 ensures reliable switching at 1–5 kHz PWM frequencies without gate drive complexity.

Use Scenario: Pulse-width modulated (PWM) control of small brushed DC motors (e.g., fans, actuators) up to 300 mA.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Low-side switch in emitter-follower or common-emitter configuration for motor current path control.

Use Value: I_C rating of 500 mA and T_J = 150 °C allow sustained 25% duty-cycle operation at ambient temperatures up to 85 °C.

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar NPN general-purpose amplifier applications.

Alternative Part	Technical Difference	Application Difference	Selection Advice
PN2222A	Higher h_FE (100–300), same V_CEO/I_C, TO-92 package	Suitable for higher-gain analog stages; slightly higher leakage (I_CBO ≤ 10 nA vs. 100 nA)	Prefer PN2222A where tighter h_FE tolerance and lower noise are critical; verify layout compatibility with identical pinout.
BC547B	Lower V_CEO (45 V), similar h_FE (200–450), TO-92 package	Better suited for low-voltage (<12 V) signal chains; not rated for 50 V switching	Select BC547B only in sub-30 V systems; avoid in relay or 48 V bus interface roles where 2N3416_D27Z's 50 V rating provides safety margin.

Compared with PN2222A and BC547B, the 2N3416_D27Z offers a balanced trade-off of voltage rating, gain consistency, and thermal robustness-making it preferred for industrial relay drivers and mixed-voltage interface circuits where 50 V standoff and −55 °C low-temperature operation are required.

Availability

2N3416_D27Z is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for relay drivers, audio preamplifiers, discrete logic interfaces, and DC motor control circuits requiring stable component supply and long-term obsolescence management.

Supply support for 2N3416_D27Z includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

Fairchild Semiconductor was a U.S.-based semiconductor manufacturer specializing in power management, analog, and discrete components before its acquisition by ON Semiconductor in 2016.

The 2N3416_D27Z belongs to Fairchild's legacy general-purpose BJT product line, engineered for cost-sensitive, high-reliability linear and switching applications across industrial, consumer, and automotive auxiliary systems.

FAQ

What is the pin configuration of the 2N3416_D27Z?

The 2N3416_D27Z uses the standard TO-92 package with Emitter–Base–Collector (E-B-C) pinout when viewed with the flat side facing outward and leads pointing down. This matches JEDEC TO-92 outline and is confirmed in Fairchild's packaging documentation for D27Z taping (Style "E"), where the first wire off is the emitter terminal.

Does the 2N3416_D27Z have a specified h_FE range?

Yes, the 2N3416_D27Z has a guaranteed DC current gain (h_FE) range of 75 to 225 at V_CE = 4.5 V and I_C = 2.0 mA, as documented in Fairchild's official datasheet revision B. This range is distinct from the 2N3417 variant (180–540), confirming device binning by gain group.

What is the maximum power dissipation for the 2N3416_D27Z?

The 2N3416_D27Z has a total device dissipation (P_D) of 625 mW at T_A = 25 °C, derated linearly at 5.0 mW/°C above that temperature. This value assumes free-air convection and is validated per Fairchild's thermal characterization data, with R_θJA = 200 °C/W and R_θJC = 83.3 °C/W.

Is the 2N3416_D27Z RoHS compliant?

The 2N3416_D27Z was manufactured prior to mandatory RoHS enforcement and is classified as a legacy non-RoHS part. Fairchild's documentation does not assign Pb-free or RoHS-compliant status to this specific EOL code or process lot; modern alternatives like PN2222A (RoHS-compliant) should be considered for new designs requiring compliance.

Can the 2N3416_D27Z replace the 2N2222 in existing designs?

The 2N3416_D27Z shares the same TO-92 package and E-B-C pinout as the 2N2222, but differs in h_FE (75–225 vs. 35–300) and V_CE(sat) (≤0.3 V vs. ≤0.6 V). It can substitute in low-gain, low-saturation-voltage applications, but design validation is required for circuits relying on 2N2222's wider gain spread or higher I_C pulse capability.

2N3416_D27Z Specifications

Product attributes: Attribute value

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Series:: -

Package/Case:: TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA) Formed Leads

Packaging:: Tape & Reel (TR)

Product Status:: Obsolete

Transistor Type:: NPN

Current - Collector (Ic) (Max):: 500 mA

Voltage - Collector Emitter Breakdown (Max):: 50 V

Vce Saturation (Max) @ Ib, Ic:: 300mV @ 3mA, 50mA

Current - Collector Cutoff (Max):: 100nA (ICBO)

DC Current Gain (hFE) (Min) @ Ic, Vce:: 75 @ 2mA, 4.5V

Power - Max:: 625 mW

Frequency - Transition:: -

Operating Temperature:: -55°C ~ 150°C (TJ)

Grade:: -

Qualification:: -

Mounting Type:: Through Hole

Supplier Device Package:: TO-92-3

2N3416_D27Z FAQ

1.How can I place an order for 2N3416_D27Z through Aetrix?

Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for 2N3416_D27Z on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.

2.Are the price and stock information for 2N3416_D27Z reliable?

The price and inventory of 2N3416_D27Z are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for 2N3416_D27Z is usually 5 days.

3.What payment methods are accepted for 2N3416_D27Z?

We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for 2N3416_D27Z transactions.

Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.

4.How is shipping managed for 2N3416_D27Z?

2N3416_D27Z orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.

Once your 2N3416_D27Z order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.

Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.

5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for 2N3416_D27Z?

For technical support, including 2N3416_D27Z datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your 2N3416_D27Z requirements.

6.How does Aetrix verify that 2N3416_D27Z is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?

All 2N3416_D27Z products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that 2N3416_D27Z meets industry standards.

7.What is the process for return or replacement of 2N3416_D27Z?

All 2N3416_D27Z units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with 2N3416_D27Z, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:

1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.

2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.

3.The 2N3416_D27Z part is unused and in its original packaging.

Return procedure for 2N3416_D27Z:

1.Submit a request within 90 days.

2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.

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