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Home > Products > Discrete Semiconductor Products > Transistors > Bipolar (BJT) > Single Bipolar Transistors

onsemi 2N5190

Name: 2N5190
Brand: onsemi
SKU: 2N5190
Price: 2.40 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (2 reviews)

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Part No.:: 2N5190

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Category:: Single Bipolar Transistors

Package:: TO-225AA, TO-126-3

Datasheet:: 2N5190.pdf

Description:: TRANS NPN 40V 4A TO-126

Quantity:: RFQ Add To RFQ list

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Product details

Overview

2N5190 from onsemi is a silicon NPN power transistor designed for linear power amplification and hard-switching applications, featuring 40 V_CEO, 4.0 A_C, 40 W total dissipation at T_C = 25°C, and R_JC = 3.12°C/W - used in audio output stages, DC-DC converter switches, and industrial motor control drivers.

For engineers reviewing the 2N5190 datasheet, pinout, applications, or equivalent options, key selection criteria include safe operating area (SOA) compliance at 150°C junction, h_FE ≥ 25 at I_C = 1.5 A, V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.6 V under forced drive, and TO-225 mechanical compatibility with heatsink mounting.

Technical Context

This device operates as a medium-power bipolar junction transistor with fixed-emitter configuration and base-controlled current amplification. Its SOA is defined by thermal limit (40 W at 25°C case), secondary breakdown (1 ms pulse limit), and bonding wire current capacity - validated per JEDEC JESD24-10.

It exhibits h_FE variation from 25 to 7.0 across I_C = 0.01–4.0 A at V_CE = 2.0 V, and f_T = 2.0 MHz at I_C = 1.0 A, V_CE = 10 V, making it suitable for <1 MHz switching and analog gain stages where linearity and ruggedness outweigh high-frequency performance.

Key Specifications

Parameter	Value and Actual Design Meaning
V_CEO	40 Vdc - maximum collector-emitter voltage before avalanche breakdown under open-base conditions
I_C	4.0 Adc - continuous collector current rating at T_C = 25°C, derated linearly above
P_D	40 W - maximum steady-state power dissipation at T_C = 25°C, limited by R_JC = 3.12°C/W
h_FE	25 min @ I_C = 1.5 A, V_CE = 2.0 V - ensures reliable base drive sizing for saturation in switching designs
V_CE(sat)	0.6 V max @ I_C = 1.5 A, I_B = 0.15 A - low saturation voltage reduces conduction loss in power stage
f_T	2.0 MHz - usable bandwidth for audio-frequency amplifiers and sub-MHz PWM switching

Pinout & Package

2N5190 is housed in a TO-225 package (Case 77-09, Style 1) with metal tab connected to collector, rated for Pb-free assembly and UL 94 V-0 epoxy encapsulation.

Pin/Terminal	Circuit Role	Design Meaning
1	Emitter	Low-impedance current sink terminal; referenced to ground in common-emitter configurations
2, 4	Collector	High-current output node tied to metal tab; requires heatsinking due to R_JC = 3.12°C/W
3	Base	Current-controlled input; requires ~150 mA drive for full saturation at 1.5 A collector load

Key Features

Feature	Design Value
JEDEC-registered SOA curve	Validated dc/1ms/100s limits up to 150°C junction, enabling robust design without iterative thermal simulation
UL 94 V-0 epoxy	Flame-retardant encapsulation compliant with safety standards for industrial enclosures and power supplies
Pb-free RoHS-compliant construction	Meets EU Directive 2011/65/EU and J-STD-609A Class 3 moisture sensitivity, supporting lead-free reflow
Complementary PNP pairing	Direct functional match with 2N5194 for push-pull amplifier topologies requiring matched gain and SOA

Applications

Audio Power Amplifier	DC-DC Converter Switch
Use Scenario: Final output stage in 10–20 W class-AB audio amplifiers driving 4–8 Ω speakers. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN power switch delivering linear current gain with low crossover distortion and thermal stability. Use Value: h_FE ≥ 25 at 1.5 A ensures stable bias point; R_JC = 3.12°C/W enables compact heatsink integration in consumer audio chassis.	Use Scenario: Main switching element in 24 V input, 5–12 V output buck converters for industrial PLC I/O modules. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Hard-switched power transistor operating at ≤100 kHz with forced base drive. Use Value: V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.6 V minimizes conduction loss; SOA supports 100% duty cycle at reduced V_CE and I_C.
Motor Driver Stage	Linear Regulator Pass Element
Use Scenario: H-bridge half-bridge driver for 12–24 V brushed DC motors in HVAC actuators. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: High-current NPN switch controlling motor winding current with flyback protection. Use Value: 40 V_CEO withstands inductive kickback; 4.0 A rating supports peak motor stall currents without second-breakdown failure.	Use Scenario: Series pass transistor in adjustable 3–15 V, 2 A linear regulators for test equipment power rails. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Voltage-controlled current source dissipating up to 30 W under worst-case dropout. Use Value: R_JC = 3.12°C/W allows thermal management with standard extruded heatsinks; TJ range –65 to +150°C supports extended ambient operation.

Audio Power Amplifier

DC-DC Converter Switch

Use Scenario: Final output stage in 10–20 W class-AB audio amplifiers driving 4–8 Ω speakers.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN power switch delivering linear current gain with low crossover distortion and thermal stability.

Use Value: h_FE ≥ 25 at 1.5 A ensures stable bias point; R_JC = 3.12°C/W enables compact heatsink integration in consumer audio chassis.

Use Scenario: Main switching element in 24 V input, 5–12 V output buck converters for industrial PLC I/O modules.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Hard-switched power transistor operating at ≤100 kHz with forced base drive.

Use Value: V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.6 V minimizes conduction loss; SOA supports 100% duty cycle at reduced V_CE and I_C.

Motor Driver Stage

Linear Regulator Pass Element

Use Scenario: H-bridge half-bridge driver for 12–24 V brushed DC motors in HVAC actuators.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: High-current NPN switch controlling motor winding current with flyback protection.

Use Value: 40 V_CEO withstands inductive kickback; 4.0 A rating supports peak motor stall currents without second-breakdown failure.

Use Scenario: Series pass transistor in adjustable 3–15 V, 2 A linear regulators for test equipment power rails.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Voltage-controlled current source dissipating up to 30 W under worst-case dropout.

Use Value: R_JC = 3.12°C/W allows thermal management with standard extruded heatsinks; TJ range –65 to +150°C supports extended ambient operation.

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar NPN power transistor applications.

Alternative Part	Technical Difference	Application Difference	Selection Advice
2N5191G	V_CEO = 60 V, same package and pinout, h_FE min = 25 @ I_C = 1.5 A	Higher voltage margin for 48 V bus systems; identical thermal and switching specs	Select when system transient voltage exceeds 40 V but layout and drive remain unchanged
MJ15001	V_CEO = 120 V, I_C = 20 A, TO-3 package, R_JC = 1.5°C/W	Higher power handling and voltage rating; requires larger heatsink and PCB footprint	Choose for >40 W continuous dissipation or >60 V operation, accepting mechanical redesign

Compared with 2N5191G, the 2N5190 offers lower voltage rating but identical thermal resistance and gain behavior - ideal for cost-sensitive 24–40 V systems. Against MJ15001, it trades raw power for smaller size and lower drive requirements, fitting space-constrained industrial controls.

Availability

2N5190 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for audio amplifier output stages, DC-DC converter switching circuits, and motor driver half-bridges requiring stable component supply across production lifecycles.

Supply support for 2N5190 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

onsemi (formerly ON Semiconductor) is a global semiconductor supplier specializing in power management, analog, sensors, and discrete devices for automotive, industrial, and cloud infrastructure markets.

The 2N5190 belongs to onsemi's legacy silicon NPN power transistor family, engineered for rugged linear and switching operation in industrial power electronics where reliability under thermal stress is critical.

FAQ

What is the maximum junction temperature rating for the 2N5190?

The 2N5190 has an operating junction temperature range of –65°C to +150°C, with SOA curves validated up to 150°C peak. This allows use in sealed industrial enclosures with ambient temperatures up to +85°C when properly heatsinked using its R_JC = 3.12°C/W specification. The 2N5190 must not exceed 150°C junction under any condition to maintain reliability.

Does the 2N5190 have a documented safe operating area (SOA) curve?

Yes, the 2N5190 includes a JEDEC-validated SOA curve in its official datasheet (Figure 11), covering dc, 1 ms, 5 ms, 10 ms, 100 ms, and 100 s boundaries up to 150°C junction. This curve defines absolute I_C–V_CE limits for reliable operation and is essential for designing overload-tolerant power stages using the 2N5190.

Is the 2N5190 pin-compatible with the 2N5191G and 2N5192G?

Yes, the 2N5190, 2N5191G, and 2N5192G share identical TO-225 package (Case 77-09, Style 1), pinout (Emitter=Pin1, Collector=Pin2&4, Base=Pin3), and mechanical dimensions. Only V_CEO/V_CBO ratings differ (40 V / 40 V for 2N5190 vs. 60 V / 60 V for 2N5191G), making them drop-in replacements where voltage margin permits.

What is the typical DC current gain (h_FE) of the 2N5190 at 4.0 A collector current?

At I_C = 4.0 A and V_CE = 2.0 V, the 2N5190 guarantees h_FE ≥ 10 (min), with typical values reaching 70–80. This gain reduction versus lower currents (h_FE ≥ 25 at 1.5 A) reflects high-current beta droop, requiring increased base drive for full saturation - a key design consideration when using the 2N5190 in high-current switching applications.

Can the 2N5190 be used in complementary pair configurations?

Yes, the 2N5190 is explicitly designated as complementary to the PNP transistors 2N5194 and 2N5195 in the onsemi datasheet. This pairing provides matched SOA, gain, and thermal characteristics for push-pull and quasi-complementary amplifier outputs, ensuring balanced performance and minimizing crossover distortion in audio and power applications using the 2N5190.

2N5190 Specifications

Product attributes: Attribute value

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Series:: -

Package/Case:: TO-225AA, TO-126-3

Packaging:: Bulk

Product Status:: Obsolete

Transistor Type:: NPN

Current - Collector (Ic) (Max):: 4 A

Voltage - Collector Emitter Breakdown (Max):: 40 V

Vce Saturation (Max) @ Ib, Ic:: 1.4V @ 1A, 4A

Current - Collector Cutoff (Max):: 1mA

DC Current Gain (hFE) (Min) @ Ic, Vce:: 25 @ 1.5A, 2V

Power - Max:: 40 W

Frequency - Transition:: 2MHz

Operating Temperature:: -65°C ~ 150°C (TJ)

Grade:: -

Qualification:: -

Mounting Type:: Through Hole

Supplier Device Package:: TO-126

2N5190 FAQ

1.How can I place an order for 2N5190 through Aetrix?

Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for 2N5190 on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.

2.Are the price and stock information for 2N5190 reliable?

The price and inventory of 2N5190 are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for 2N5190 is usually 5 days.

3.What payment methods are accepted for 2N5190?

We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for 2N5190 transactions.

Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.

4.How is shipping managed for 2N5190?

2N5190 orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.

Once your 2N5190 order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.

Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.

5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for 2N5190?

For technical support, including 2N5190 datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your 2N5190 requirements.

6.How does Aetrix verify that 2N5190 is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?

All 2N5190 products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that 2N5190 meets industry standards.

7.What is the process for return or replacement of 2N5190?

All 2N5190 units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with 2N5190, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:

1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.

2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.

3.The 2N5190 part is unused and in its original packaging.

Return procedure for 2N5190:

1.Submit a request within 90 days.

2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.

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