onsemi 2N5307

Overview

2N5307 from Fairchild Semiconductor is an NPN epitaxial silicon transistor designed for high-current gain general-purpose amplification, with V_CEO = 40 V, I_C = 1.2 A continuous, h_FE up to 20,000 at I_C = 2 mA, and TO-92 package. It serves as a medium-power linear amplifier or switch in low-frequency analog and power interface circuits.

For engineers reviewing the 2N5307 datasheet, pinout, applications, or equivalent options, key selection considerations include its high h_FE stability at I_C ≤ 1.0 A, V_CE(sat) = 1.4 V at I_C = 200 mA/IB = 0.2 mA, thermal resistance R_θJA = 200 °C/W, and TO-92 mechanical compatibility with legacy through-hole designs.

Technical Context

The 2N5307 operates as a single NPN bipolar junction transistor optimized for DC and low-frequency (<10 MHz) amplification, with h_fe = 6.0 at f = 10 MHz confirming usable bandwidth beyond audio range. Its design emphasizes high DC current gain (h_FE ≥ 2,000 at I_C = 2 mA) and robust off-state isolation (BV_CEO = 40 V, ICBO ≤ 0.1 µA).

Thermal performance is defined by R_θJA = 200 °C/W and maximum junction temperature of +150°C, supporting operation in industrial ambient environments. The device uses Process 05 and shares characterization reference with MPSA14, indicating standardized test methodology and gain binning consistency across Fairchild's general-purpose BJT family.

Key Specifications

Pinout & Package

2N5307 is housed in a standard TO-92 plastic package with 3 leads, compatible with manual soldering and wave-solder processes. Lead spacing and body dimensions conform to JEDEC TO-92 outline (14.47 mm length, 4.58 mm width, 3.60 mm height).

Key Features

Applications

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar NPN general-purpose amplifier applications.

Compared with MPSA14 and BC548, the 2N5307 uniquely delivers both high current (1.2 A) and ultra-high DC gain (up to 20,000), making it optimal for medium-power linear amplifiers and saturated switches requiring minimal base drive and robust thermal margin.

Availability

2N5307 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for audio pre-amplifier stages, DC motor speed control, relay driver circuits, and linear voltage regulator pass elements requiring stable component supply and long-term industrial availability.

Supply support for 2N5307 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

Fairchild Semiconductor was a U.S.-based semiconductor company specializing in power management, analog, and discrete components before its acquisition by ON Semiconductor in 2016.

The 2N5307 belongs to Fairchild's legacy general-purpose BJT product line, engineered for high-gain, medium-current linear amplification and switching in industrial, consumer, and automotive auxiliary systems.

FAQ

What is the maximum continuous collector current rating for the 2N5307?

The 2N5307 has a maximum continuous collector current (I_C) rating of 1.2 A at T_A = 25°C. This rating assumes proper PCB thermal relief and derating per the 5.0 mW/°C specification above 25°C ambient. At elevated temperatures or without heatsinking, the usable current must be reduced to maintain junction temperature ≤150°C. The 2N5307 datasheet confirms this value under Absolute Maximum Ratings.

Does the 2N5307 have a documented h_FE minimum at 100 mA collector current?

Yes - the 2N5307 datasheet specifies h_FE ≥ 6,000 at V_CE = 5.0 V and I_C = 100 mA. This high minimum gain at moderate current supports reliable low-base-drive operation in amplifier and switch designs. The 2N5307 maintains usable h_FE up to 1.0 A, distinguishing it from standard general-purpose transistors.

What is the pin configuration of the 2N5307 in its TO-92 package?

The 2N5307 uses standard TO-92 pinout: Pin 1 = Emitter, Pin 2 = Collector, Pin 3 = Base, with the flat side of the package facing the viewer and leads pointing downward. This matches JEDEC TO-92 orientation and is consistent across Fairchild's 2N-series transistors. The 2N5307 pinout is explicitly shown in the "Package Dimensions" section of its official datasheet.

Can the 2N5307 replace the MPSA14 in all applications?

No - while the 2N5307 and MPSA14 share process origin and gain characteristics, the 2N5307 supports 1.2 A continuous current versus MPSA14's 500 mA rating. Substituting 2N5307 for MPSA14 is safe in low-current applications, but replacing 2N5307 with MPSA14 risks thermal failure above 500 mA. Always verify current, power, and thermal requirements before interchanging the 2N5307 and MPSA14.

What is the typical output capacitance (C_ob) of the 2N5307 and how does it affect circuit design?

The 2N5307 has a typical output capacitance (C_ob) of 10 pF at V_CB = 10 V and f = 1 MHz. This value influences high-frequency gain roll-off and phase margin in amplifier feedback loops. In RF or fast-switching applications, C_ob contributes to Miller effect and may require compensation. For most audio and DC motor control uses, the 2N5307's C_ob poses no limitation.