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Home > Products > Discrete Semiconductor Products > Transistors > Bipolar (BJT) > Single Bipolar Transistors

onsemi 2N5401_D10Z

Name: 2N5401_D10Z
Brand: onsemi
SKU: 2N5401_D10Z
Price: 2.40 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (2 reviews)

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Part No.:: 2N5401_D10Z

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Category:: Single Bipolar Transistors

Package:: TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA) Formed Leads

Datasheet:: 2N5401_D10Z.pdf

Description:: TRANS PNP 150V 0.6A TO-92-3

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Product details

Overview

2N5401_D10Z from ON Semiconductor (formerly Fairchild) is a PNP epitaxial silicon small-signal transistor used for general-purpose amplification and switching in low-power analog and digital circuits. It features -150 V V_CEO, -600 mA I_C, 625 mW P_C, DC current gain (h_FE) of 30–240 at I_C = -1 to -50 mA, and f_T up to 400 MHz - enabling use in high-voltage audio preamps and relay drivers.

For engineers reviewing the 2N5401_D10Z datasheet, pinout, applications, or equivalent options, key selection criteria include verified PNP breakdown voltage (-150 V V_CEO), saturation performance (V_CE(sat) = -0.2 V @ -10 mA/-1 mA), thermal rating (T_J = 150°C), TO-92 mechanical compatibility, and noise figure (8 dB @ 10 Hz–15.7 kHz).

Technical Context

This PNP bipolar junction transistor operates with reverse-polarity biasing: emitter positive relative to collector and base. Its high V_CEO (-150 V) and moderate power dissipation (625 mW) support linear amplification in high-impedance, medium-voltage stages and saturated switching in logic-level interface circuits.

Designed for DC-coupled and AC-coupled configurations, it delivers stable h_FE across I_C = -1 mA to -50 mA and exhibits low output capacitance (C_ob = 6 pF @ V_CB = -10 V), supporting bandwidth-sensitive applications up to ~400 MHz f_T.

Key Specifications

Parameter	Value and Actual Design Meaning
V_CEO	-150 V - Enables operation in high-side switch or common-emitter amplifier stages with supply rails up to ±150 V.
I_C	-600 mA - Supports peak pulsed loads in relay drivers and signal conditioning without secondary breakdown.
P_C	625 mW - Sufficient for continuous low-power amplification in TO-92 packages with standard PCB copper area.
h_FE	30–240 - Provides predictable DC gain across operating points, simplifying bias network design for Class-A or switching use.
f_T	100–400 MHz - Validates suitability for RF preamp, oscillator, and broadband signal path applications up to VHF.
V_CE(sat)	-0.2 V @ -10 mA/-1 mA - Ensures low conduction loss in saturated-switch mode, reducing heat generation in digital interface circuits.
C_ob	6 pF @ -10 V - Limits Miller effect in high-frequency amplifiers, preserving gain stability above 10 MHz.

Pinout & Package

2N5401_D10Z is housed in a through-hole TO-92 package (JEDEC TO-226AA), with standardized lead configuration: Pin 1 = Emitter, Pin 2 = Base, Pin 3 = Collector. The package supports manual soldering and wave soldering per JEDEC J-STD-020.

Pin/Terminal	Circuit Role	Design Meaning
Pin 1 (Emitter)	Current source terminal for PNP device	Connected to most positive node in circuit; sets reference for base bias and collector load placement.
Pin 2 (Base)	Control electrode for minority-carrier injection	Receives forward-biased current to regulate collector-emitter conduction; requires current-limiting resistor in most designs.
Pin 3 (Collector)	Current sink terminal	Typically tied to load and negative rail; voltage swing capability defined by V_CEO and thermal limits.

Key Features

Feature	Design Value
High V_CEO rating	Supports robust operation in industrial control interfaces where transient overvoltage up to -150 V may occur.
Low V_CE(sat)	Reduces power loss in saturated switching applications such as LED or solenoid drivers with TTL/CMOS-compatible base drive.
Wide h_FE range	Allows consistent gain targeting across production lots without individual transistor binning or trim resistors.
Low noise figure	Enables use in low-level audio preamplifier stages (8 dB NF @ 10 Hz–15.7 kHz) without requiring additional shielding.
TO-92 mechanical standardization	Ensures drop-in replacement compatibility with legacy designs using industry-standard footprint and mounting tooling.

Applications

Audio Preamp Stage	High-Voltage Logic Interface
Use Scenario: Amplifying microphone or phono-level signals before ADC input in battery-powered instrumentation. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: PNP common-emitter amplifier providing DC-coupled gain with minimal offset drift. Use Value: High h_FE and low noise (8 dB) preserve SNR; -150 V V_CEO allows safe operation with ±12 V supplies and headroom for transients.	Use Scenario: Level-shifting 3.3 V microcontroller outputs to drive -48 V telecom line cards or industrial PLC inputs. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Saturated PNP switch translating logic-high to negative rail connection. Use Value: V_CE(sat) ≤ -0.2 V ensures <100 mW dissipation at -10 mA load; TO-92 fits space-constrained backplane headers.
Relay Driver Circuit	Oscillator Core Element
Use Scenario: Driving 12 V/24 V electromagnetic relays in HVAC control panels with opto-isolated MCU outputs. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Medium-current PNP switch sinking relay coil current to ground when base is pulled low. Use Value: -600 mA I_C rating handles typical 40–100 mA relay coils; 625 mW P_C avoids heatsinking in intermittent duty cycles.	Use Scenario: Active device in Colpitts or Hartley oscillator topologies generating 1–50 MHz clock references for sensor synchronization. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Gain element sustaining oscillation via tuned LC feedback network. Use Value: f_T up to 400 MHz and low C_ob (6 pF) enable stable oscillation with minimal phase noise and wide tuning range.

Audio Preamp Stage

High-Voltage Logic Interface

Use Scenario: Amplifying microphone or phono-level signals before ADC input in battery-powered instrumentation.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: PNP common-emitter amplifier providing DC-coupled gain with minimal offset drift.

Use Value: High h_FE and low noise (8 dB) preserve SNR; -150 V V_CEO allows safe operation with ±12 V supplies and headroom for transients.

Use Scenario: Level-shifting 3.3 V microcontroller outputs to drive -48 V telecom line cards or industrial PLC inputs.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Saturated PNP switch translating logic-high to negative rail connection.

Use Value: V_CE(sat) ≤ -0.2 V ensures <100 mW dissipation at -10 mA load; TO-92 fits space-constrained backplane headers.

Relay Driver Circuit

Oscillator Core Element

Use Scenario: Driving 12 V/24 V electromagnetic relays in HVAC control panels with opto-isolated MCU outputs.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Medium-current PNP switch sinking relay coil current to ground when base is pulled low.

Use Value: -600 mA I_C rating handles typical 40–100 mA relay coils; 625 mW P_C avoids heatsinking in intermittent duty cycles.

Use Scenario: Active device in Colpitts or Hartley oscillator topologies generating 1–50 MHz clock references for sensor synchronization.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Gain element sustaining oscillation via tuned LC feedback network.

Use Value: f_T up to 400 MHz and low C_ob (6 pF) enable stable oscillation with minimal phase noise and wide tuning range.

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar PNP small-signal transistor applications.

Alternative Part	Technical Difference	Application Difference	Selection Advice
MPSA92	V_CEO = -300 V, h_FE min = 25, f_T ≈ 50 MHz - higher breakdown, lower bandwidth	Better suited for flyback snubber or high-voltage isolation stages; less optimal for RF or fast switching	Select when absolute V_CEO margin > -200 V is required and bandwidth < 100 MHz suffices.
BC557B	V_CEO = -45 V, h_FE = 200–450, P_C = 500 mW - lower voltage rating, tighter h_FE binning	Preferred for low-voltage portable electronics where gain consistency matters more than breakdown	Choose for cost-sensitive consumer designs with ≤ -30 V supply rails and need for guaranteed h_FE ≥ 200.

Compared with MPSA92 and BC557B, the 2N5401_D10Z uniquely balances -150 V ruggedness, 400 MHz f_T, and TO-92 compatibility - making it optimal for mid-voltage analog front-ends and mixed-signal timing circuits where both breakdown safety and frequency response matter.

Availability

2N5401_D10Z is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for audio preamplifiers, high-voltage logic interfaces, relay drivers, and oscillator circuits requiring stable component supply and long-term obsolescence management.

Supply support for 2N5401_D10Z includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

ON Semiconductor is a global semiconductor supplier delivering energy-efficient, intelligent power and sensing solutions for automotive, industrial, cloud computing, medical, and IoT applications.

The 2N5401_D10Z belongs to ON Semiconductor's legacy small-signal bipolar transistor product line, engineered for reliability in analog signal conditioning, discrete switching, and timing-critical linear circuits across industrial and communications infrastructure.

FAQ

What is the maximum collector-emitter voltage rating for the 2N5401_D10Z?

The 2N5401_D10Z has a maximum collector-emitter voltage (V_CEO) rating of -150 V at T_A = 25°C. This rating applies under open-base conditions and defines the upper limit for safe DC or pulse operation in common-emitter configurations. Exceeding this voltage risks avalanche breakdown and permanent device failure. Derating is required above 25°C ambient per the datasheet thermal curves.

Does the 2N5401_D10Z have a specified noise figure, and under what conditions?

Yes, the 2N5401_D10Z has a noise figure (NF) of 8 dB, measured at I_C = -250 µA, V_CE = -5 V, R_S = 1 kΩ, and frequency range 10 Hz to 15.7 kHz. This value reflects its suitability for low-level audio amplification where signal integrity is critical. The measurement aligns with standard IEC 60268-3 methodology for small-signal transistors.

What is the pin configuration for the 2N5401_D10Z in its TO-92 package?

The 2N5401_D10Z uses the standard TO-92 pinout: Pin 1 is Emitter, Pin 2 is Base, and Pin 3 is Collector - viewed with flat side facing outward and leads pointing down. This configuration matches JEDEC TO-226AA mechanical drawings and is consistent across all Fairchild/ON Semiconductor 2N5401 variants including 2N5401_D10Z.

Can the 2N5401_D10Z be used in RF amplifier applications?

Yes, the 2N5401_D10Z supports RF amplifier use up to approximately 50 MHz due to its f_T of 100–400 MHz and low output capacitance (C_ob = 6 pF). It has been validated in Colpitts oscillator and broadband preamp designs. However, for >100 MHz operation, layout parasitics and packaging limitations require careful impedance matching and grounding to maintain gain and stability.

Is the 2N5401_D10Z RoHS compliant and halogen-free?

Yes, the 2N5401_D10Z is RoHS compliant and halogen-free per ON Semiconductor's product change notification PCN-1701011 and material declarations. It meets EU Directive 2011/65/EU and IEC 61249-2-21:2011 standards. Full compliance documentation, including test reports and substance declarations, is available upon request from Aetrix Electronics.

2N5401_D10Z Specifications

Product attributes: Attribute value

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Series:: -

Package/Case:: TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA) Formed Leads

Packaging:: Tape & Reel (TR)

Product Status:: Obsolete

Transistor Type:: PNP

Current - Collector (Ic) (Max):: 600 mA

Voltage - Collector Emitter Breakdown (Max):: 150 V

Vce Saturation (Max) @ Ib, Ic:: 500mV @ 5mA, 50mA

Current - Collector Cutoff (Max):: 50nA (ICBO)

DC Current Gain (hFE) (Min) @ Ic, Vce:: 60 @ 10mA, 5V

Power - Max:: 625 mW

Frequency - Transition:: 400MHz

Operating Temperature:: -55°C ~ 150°C (TJ)

Grade:: -

Qualification:: -

Mounting Type:: Through Hole

Supplier Device Package:: TO-92-3

2N5401_D10Z FAQ

1.How can I place an order for 2N5401_D10Z through Aetrix?

Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for 2N5401_D10Z on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.

2.Are the price and stock information for 2N5401_D10Z reliable?

The price and inventory of 2N5401_D10Z are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for 2N5401_D10Z is usually 5 days.

3.What payment methods are accepted for 2N5401_D10Z?

We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for 2N5401_D10Z transactions.

Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.

4.How is shipping managed for 2N5401_D10Z?

2N5401_D10Z orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.

Once your 2N5401_D10Z order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.

Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.

5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for 2N5401_D10Z?

For technical support, including 2N5401_D10Z datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your 2N5401_D10Z requirements.

6.How does Aetrix verify that 2N5401_D10Z is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?

All 2N5401_D10Z products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that 2N5401_D10Z meets industry standards.

7.What is the process for return or replacement of 2N5401_D10Z?

All 2N5401_D10Z units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with 2N5401_D10Z, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:

1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.

2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.

3.The 2N5401_D10Z part is unused and in its original packaging.

Return procedure for 2N5401_D10Z:

1.Submit a request within 90 days.

2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.

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