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Diodes Incorporated AP431SAZTR-G1
- Part No.:
- AP431SAZTR-G1
- Manufacturer:
- Diodes Incorporated
- Category:
- Voltage Reference
- Package:
- TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA) Formed Leads
- Datasheet:
-
AP431SAZTR-G1.pdf
- Description:
- IC VREF SHUNT ADJ 0.5% TO92
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:1,445
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Product details
Overview
AP431SAZTR-G1 from Diodes Incorporated is a 3-terminal adjustable precision shunt regulator with 0.5% initial reference voltage tolerance (2.500 V at +25°C), 50 µA typical minimum cathode current for regulation, 0.1 Ω typical dynamic impedance, and operation from -40°C to +125°C. It replaces Zener diodes in feedback loops of switching power supplies, USB chargers, and 5V/1A precision regulators where low-power, high-stability voltage reference is required.
For engineers reviewing the AP431SAZTR-G1 datasheet, AP431SAZTR-G1 pinout, AP431SAZTR-G1 application, or AP431SAZTR-G1 equivalent, key selection criteria include its low 50 µA regulation threshold, ±11 mV reference drift over -40°C to +125°C, TO-92 package thermal resistance (80°C/W), 36 V max cathode voltage, and compatibility with capacitive loads up to 100 µF without oscillation.
Technical Context
The AP431SAZTR-G1 implements a bandgap-referenced error amplifier driving an NPN output stage, enabling precise two-resistor programmable output from 2.5 V to 36 V. Its sharp turn-on and low temperature coefficient (±11 mV over full range) stem from internal curvature compensation and matched transistor pairs.
It operates as a 3-terminal shunt device: REF senses voltage via external resistor divider, ANODE connects to system ground, and CATHODE sinks current into the regulated node. The 0.1 Ω dynamic impedance ensures stable regulation under load transients up to 100 mA sink current.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Reference Voltage | 2.500 V ±0.5% at +25°C - sets base accuracy for all programmable outputs |
| Min Cathode Current | 50 µA typ., 100 µA max - enables regulation in ultra-low-power standby modes |
| Dynamic Impedance | 0.1 Ω typ. - maintains <1 mV output deviation during 10–100 mA load steps |
| Ref Voltage Drift | ±11 mV max over -40°C to +125°C - ensures <0.44% total output variation across industrial temp range |
| Cathode Voltage Range | 2.5 V to 36 V - supports wide-output DC-DC converters and adapter designs |
| Sink Current Capacity | 100 µA to 100 mA - handles both light-load biasing and heavy feedback-loop correction |
| Package Thermal Resistance | 80°C/W (TO-92) - allows 750 mW power dissipation at ≤100°C ambient without heatsink |
Pinout & Package
AP431SAZTR-G1 is supplied in TO-92 (Ammo Packing) package with 3 leads: lead 1 = REF, lead 2 = ANODE, lead 3 = CATHODE. Pin 2 (ANODE) must be connected to system ground; pin 3 (CATHODE) connects to the regulated node; pin 1 (REF) receives divided feedback voltage.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (REF) | Reference Input | High-impedance input sensing voltage divider output; draws only 0.2–0.5 µA |
| 2 (ANODE) | Ground Reference | System ground connection point; defines common return for regulation loop |
| 3 (CATHODE) | Current Sink Output | Sinks up to 100 mA to maintain REF at 2.5 V; directly controls output voltage via external resistors |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Low regulation threshold | 50 µA typical cathode current enables use in <100 µW standby circuits |
| Capacitive load stability | Stable with ≥100 µF output capacitance - eliminates need for series damping resistors |
| Wide operating temperature | -40°C to +125°C ambient rating - qualified for industrial and automotive under-hood environments |
| Precision reference | 0.5% initial tolerance and ±11 mV drift ensure <0.6% total output error in closed-loop systems |
| Green packaging | Totally lead-free, halogen-free, antimony-free per RoHS 3 and Diodes' "Green" definition |
Applications
| USB Wall Charger Feedback | 5V/1A Precision Regulator |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Secondary-side voltage sensing in isolated flyback chargers delivering 5 V @ 2 A. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Shunt regulator providing optocoupler bias and precise 5 V reference for TL431-compatible feedback loop. Use Value: 50 µA min cathode current reduces no-load power loss by >30% vs. standard TL431, improving efficiency at light loads. |
Use Scenario: Non-isolated buck converter powering FPGA I/O banks requiring tight 5.0 V ±2% IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Adjustable shunt reference setting output voltage via R1/R2 divider; sinks error current into controller COMP pin. Use Value: 0.1 Ω dynamic impedance ensures <2 mV output ripple under 500 mA step load, meeting FPGA voltage tolerance. |
| Graphic Card VRM Monitor | Industrial 24V Adapter Reference |
|
Use Scenario: Real-time rail monitoring in GPU voltage regulator modules with remote sense capability. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Precision shunt element in differential sensing circuit comparing actual vs. target 12 V output. Use Value: ±11 mV reference drift over -40°C to +125°C guarantees <0.1% measurement error across full board thermal profile. |
Use Scenario: Output voltage stabilization in DIN-rail mounted 24 V AC/DC adapters for PLC I/O modules. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary feedback reference in secondary-side regulation loop, interfacing with optocoupler and PWM controller. Use Value: TO-92 package with 80°C/W θJC sustains 750 mW dissipation at 85°C ambient-enabling compact, fanless adapter design. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar adjustable shunt regulator applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| TL431ACDBVR | Higher 100 µA min cathode current; ±1% reference tolerance; SOT-23 package | Lacks low-current capability for sub-100 µW standby; requires larger PCB footprint for same thermal performance | Select when cost sensitivity outweighs ultra-low-power needs and SOT-23 mounting is preferred |
| AS431AZTR-E1 | Same 0.5% tolerance and 50 µA min cathode current; identical TO-92 pinout; 100 mW lower power rating (650 mW) | Thermal derating begins at lower ambient due to higher θJA; unsuitable for continuous 750 mW dissipation | Select only for space-constrained designs where peak power remains <650 mW and ambient stays ≤70°C |
Compared with TL431ACDBVR and AS431AZTR-E1, AP431SAZTR-G1 uniquely delivers 0.5% tolerance, 50 µA regulation threshold, and 750 mW TO-92 power handling in one device-making it optimal for high-accuracy, low-quiescent, thermally demanding industrial adapters and chargers.
Availability
AP431SAZTR-G1 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for USB wall chargers, industrial 24 V adapters, and graphics card VRMs requiring stable component supply, long-term lifecycle assurance, and RoHS 3/Green compliance.
Supply support for AP431SAZTR-G1 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Diodes Incorporated is a global manufacturer of discrete semiconductors and analog ICs, specializing in high-reliability power management, signal integrity, and protection solutions for industrial, computing, and consumer markets.
AP431SAZTR-G1 belongs to Diodes' precision shunt regulator product line, engineered specifically for high-accuracy, low-power feedback control in switching power supplies and battery-powered systems where Zener replacement with superior thermal stability is required.
FAQ
What is the maximum cathode voltage for AP431SAZTR-G1?
The absolute maximum cathode-to-anode voltage is 40 V, but the recommended operating maximum is 36 V. Exceeding 36 V risks exceeding the device's safe operating area, especially at elevated temperatures, and may trigger thermal shutdown or permanent degradation. Operation at 36 V is validated across -40°C to +125°C with full parameter compliance.
Can AP431SAZTR-G1 replace TL431 in existing designs?
Yes-AP431SAZTR-G1 is pin-compatible with TL431 in TO-92 packages and matches its electrical interface. However, its 50 µA min cathode current is half that of TL431, so existing resistor dividers may require adjustment to ensure sufficient cathode current at minimum input voltage. No layout change is needed.
How does the 0.5% reference tolerance impact output accuracy?
With a 0.5% initial reference tolerance and ±11 mV drift over temperature, the total reference error is ≤±13.5 mV (0.54%) at 2.5 V nominal. When used in a 5 V output circuit (R1/R2 = 1), this translates to ±27 mV (0.54%) output error-meeting typical industrial 5 V ±3% requirements without trimming.
Is AP431SAZTR-G1 qualified for automotive applications?
AP431SAZTR-G1 is not AEC-Q100 qualified. While it operates from -40°C to +125°C and meets RoHS 3/Green standards, Diodes specifies separate AEC-Q100–qualified variants (e.g., AP431SAXXX-Q) for automotive use. For non-safety-critical cabin electronics, engineering validation is required before deployment.
AP431SAZTR-G1 Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Diodes Incorporated
- Package/Case:
- TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA) Formed Leads
- Series:
- -
- Packaging:
- Cut Tape (CT)
- Product Status:
- Active
- Reference Type:
- Shunt
- Output Type:
- Adjustable
- Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):
- 2.5V
- Voltage - Output (Max):
- 36 V
- Current - Output:
- 100 mA
- Tolerance:
- ±0.5%
- Temperature Coefficient:
- -
- Noise - 0.1Hz to 10Hz:
- -
- Noise - 10Hz to 10kHz:
- -
- Voltage - Input:
- -
- Current - Supply:
- -
- Current - Cathode:
- 100 µA
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 125°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Through Hole
- Supplier Device Package:
- TO-92
AP431SAZTR-G1 FAQ
1.How can I place an order for AP431SAZTR-G1 through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for AP431SAZTR-G1 on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for AP431SAZTR-G1 reliable?
The price and inventory of AP431SAZTR-G1 are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for AP431SAZTR-G1 is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for AP431SAZTR-G1?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for AP431SAZTR-G1 transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for AP431SAZTR-G1?
AP431SAZTR-G1 orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your AP431SAZTR-G1 order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for AP431SAZTR-G1?
For technical support, including AP431SAZTR-G1 datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your AP431SAZTR-G1 requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that AP431SAZTR-G1 is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All AP431SAZTR-G1 products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that AP431SAZTR-G1 meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of AP431SAZTR-G1?
All AP431SAZTR-G1 units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with AP431SAZTR-G1, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The AP431SAZTR-G1 part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for AP431SAZTR-G1:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
AP431SAZTR-G1 Tags
-
TL431AIDBZR
Texas Instruments
-
TL431BQDBZR
Texas Instruments
-
AN431AN-ATRG1
Diodes Incorporated
-
LM4040CYM3-2.5-TR
Microchip Technology
-
LM4040CYM3-4.1-TR
Microchip Technology
-
LM4040EIM3-2.5/NOPB
Texas Instruments
-
AZ431LBNTR-G1
Diodes Incorporated
-
LM4040D20IDBZR
Texas Instruments
-
LM4041DIM3-ADJ/NOPB
Texas Instruments
-
LM4040DIM3X-2.5/NOPB
Texas Instruments
-
LM4040DIM3-2.5/NOPB
Texas Instruments
-
AZ431LANTR-G1
Diodes Incorporated
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