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onsemi BC548CZL1G
- Part No.:
- BC548CZL1G
- Manufacturer:
- onsemi
- Category:
- Single Bipolar Transistors
- Package:
- TO-226-3, TO-92-3 Long Body, Formed Leads
- Datasheet:
-
BC548CZL1G.pdf
- Description:
- TRANS NPN 30V 0.1A TO92
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:9,734
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Product details
Overview
BC548CZL1G from onsemi is an NPN silicon general-purpose amplifier transistor in TO-92 package, rated for 30 VCEO, 100 mA continuous collector current, and DC current gain (hFE) of 420–800 at IC = 10 mA, VCE = 5 V - used in low-voltage signal amplification, switching, and driver stages in consumer electronics, power supplies, and sensor interface circuits.
For engineers reviewing the BC548CZL1G datasheet, pinout, applications, or equivalent options, this page delivers verified electrical parameters, thermal behavior, package geometry, real-world use cases, and validated alternative transistors - all aligned to onsemi's August 2021 Rev. 8 datasheet.
Technical Context
The BC548CZL1G operates as a discrete bipolar junction transistor with fixed NPN polarity, optimized for linear amplification and saturated switching. Its hFE range (420–800) enables high-current drive with low base drive requirements, while fT = 300 MHz supports audio-frequency and low-speed digital signal handling.
Thermal performance is defined by RJA = 200 °C/W (ambient) and RJC = 83.3 °C/W (case), supporting operation from −55°C to +150°C junction temperature. VCE(sat) ≤ 0.3 V at IC = 10 mA / IB = 0.5 mA confirms efficient on-state conduction in switching applications.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| VCEO | 30 V - Maximum safe collector-emitter voltage before breakdown; defines usable supply rail headroom in low-voltage circuits. |
| IC (continuous) | 100 mA - Sustained collector current limit; sets maximum load-driving capability without derating. |
| hFE @ 10 mA, 5 V | 420–800 - High DC gain enables minimal base current for driving relays, LEDs, or logic inputs. |
| fT | 300 MHz - Unity-gain bandwidth; supports stable small-signal amplification up to ~100 MHz with margin. |
| VCE(sat) | ≤ 0.3 V @ IC/IB = 10 - Low saturation voltage reduces power loss and heat generation in switch-mode operation. |
| RJA | 200 °C/W - Thermal resistance to ambient; requires ≥ 1 cm² PCB copper pour for full 625 mW dissipation at room temperature. |
Pinout & Package
BC548CZL1G uses the TO-92 (Case 29, Style 17) plastic package with straight leads and Pb-free finish. Dimensions: 4.45–5.20 mm (L) × 4.32–5.33 mm (W) × 3.18–4.19 mm (H); weight ≈ 0.3 g.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 - Collector | Main current output terminal | Connected to load or next stage; handles full collector current path and dissipates most heat. |
| 2 - Base | Control input terminal | Receives bias current to regulate collector-emitter conduction; requires current-limiting resistor in most designs. |
| 3 - Emitter | Current return/reference terminal | Typically tied to ground or emitter resistor; establishes reference for VBE and sets operating point stability. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Pb-free TO-92 package | Complies with RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU; suitable for lead-free reflow soldering (J-STD-020D). |
| High hFE grade "C" | Guaranteed minimum hFE = 420 at IC = 10 mA, enabling single-transistor amplification of weak signals (e.g., microphone preamp). |
| Low VCE(sat) | ≤ 0.3 V ensures <10 mW power loss at 10 mA switching - critical for battery-powered indicator drivers. |
| −55°C to +150°C operation | Enables deployment in automotive under-hood modules, industrial controllers, and outdoor sensor nodes without derating. |
Applications
| Audio Signal Amplifier | LED Driver Switch |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Amplifying line-level analog audio (e.g., from electret microphone or DAC output) into headphone or speaker driver stage. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Discrete NPN amplifier in common-emitter configuration with emitter degeneration for gain stability and distortion control. Use Value: hFE = 420–800 allows >20 dB voltage gain with minimal base bias network complexity; fT = 300 MHz ensures flat response across 20 Hz–20 kHz band. |
Use Scenario: Driving multiple 20 mA LEDs from microcontroller GPIO pins with current limiting via base resistor. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Saturated switch controlling LED anode/cathode path; operated in cutoff/saturation regions only. Use Value: VCE(sat) ≤ 0.3 V minimizes LED forward voltage drop impact; 100 mA rating supports parallel LED strings up to 80 mA total. |
| Relay Interface Circuit | Sensor Signal Conditioning |
|
Use Scenario: Isolating and amplifying MCU output to energize 5 V/12 V electromagnetic relay coils (e.g., in home automation or PLC I/O modules). IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Medium-power switching transistor with flyback diode protection; driven by 3.3 V or 5 V logic. Use Value: 30 V VCEO safely handles relay coil back-EMF spikes; hFE ≥ 420 ensures full saturation with ≤ 2 mA base drive from standard GPIO. |
Use Scenario: Buffering and level-shifting analog outputs from temperature, light, or proximity sensors before ADC sampling. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Emitter-follower buffer providing low-output-impedance drive to 10 kΩ ADC input without loading sensor. Use Value: High hFE maintains unity voltage gain accuracy; low noise figure (NF = 2.0 dB) preserves signal integrity in sub-mV sensor ranges. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar NPN general-purpose transistor applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| BC548CG | Same die, bulk-packaged (5000 units), no ammo box; identical electrical specs and TO-92 footprint. | No packaging difference affects circuit function; preferred for high-volume manual assembly or prototyping. | Select BC548CG when tape-and-reel or ammo-box logistics are unnecessary and cost-per-unit optimization is priority. |
| BC547CZL1G | VCEO = 45 V (vs. 30 V), same hFE range (420–800), identical TO-92 package and pinout. | Supports higher supply rails (e.g., 36 V industrial sensors); otherwise interchangeable in 30 V designs with safety margin. | Choose BC547CZL1G where system voltage may exceed 30 V or long-term reliability under transient overvoltage is required. |
Compared with BC548CZL1G, BC548CG offers identical performance in bulk form for cost-sensitive builds, while BC547CZL1G extends voltage headroom without layout changes - both retain full functional compatibility in amplifier and switching roles.
Availability
BC548CZL1G is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for consumer audio interfaces, LED lighting controls, relay driver modules, and sensor signal conditioning requiring stable component supply and RoHS-compliant sourcing.
Supply support for BC548CZL1G includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
onsemi (formerly ON Semiconductor) is a global semiconductor supplier specializing in energy-efficient power, analog, sensing, and connectivity solutions for automotive, industrial, cloud, and IoT markets.
The BC548CZL1G belongs to onsemi's legacy BC5xx family of general-purpose bipolar transistors, designed for cost-effective, reliable amplification and switching in high-volume consumer and industrial electronics.
FAQ
What is the maximum collector-emitter voltage rating for BC548CZL1G?
The BC548CZL1G has a maximum collector-emitter voltage (VCEO) rating of 30 V DC. This value is specified under test conditions of IC = 1.0 mA and IB = 0, and must not be exceeded to prevent avalanche breakdown. In practice, design margins should keep operating VCE below 24 V for long-term reliability, especially at elevated temperatures. The BC548CZL1G datasheet confirms this rating on page 1 under Maximum Ratings.
Does BC548CZL1G support lead-free soldering processes?
Yes, BC548CZL1G is explicitly marked as Pb-free in onsemi's ordering information and complies with JEDEC J-STD-020D for moisture sensitivity level (MSL) 1. It supports peak reflow temperatures up to 260°C and is qualified for standard lead-free soldering profiles. The "G" suffix in BC548CZL1G denotes RoHS-compliant packaging, and the device is shipped in ammo pack format compatible with automated placement equipment.
What is the guaranteed DC current gain (hFE) range for BC548CZL1G at 10 mA collector current?
The BC548CZL1G guarantees hFE between 420 and 800 when tested at IC = 10 mA and VCE = 5.0 V, per the Electrical Characteristics table on page 2 of the datasheet. This "C" grade distinguishes it from BC548B (110–220) and ensures predictable base drive requirements in amplification and switching circuits - critical for consistent turn-on behavior across production lots.
Can BC548CZL1G replace BC547CZL1G in an existing design?
BC548CZL1G cannot directly replace BC547CZL1G without verifying voltage requirements: BC547CZL1G has VCEO = 45 V versus BC548CZL1G's 30 V. If the original design operates below 30 V with margin, substitution is electrically safe; however, if transient voltages or supply rails approach 36–42 V, BC548CZL1G risks failure. Both share identical pinout, hFE, and package - so PCB layout remains unchanged.
What thermal resistance values apply to BC548CZL1G in free-air conditions?
BC548CZL1G has a junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (RJA) of 200 °C/W when mounted on a standard FR-4 PCB with minimal copper area. This means a 625 mW power dissipation (its rated PD at 25°C) will raise junction temperature by 125°C above ambient - limiting practical use to ≤ 300 mW without heatsinking. For higher loads, RJC = 83.3 °C/W allows estimation of case-to-heatsink requirements.
BC548CZL1G Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- onsemi
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- TO-226-3, TO-92-3 Long Body, Formed Leads
- Packaging:
- Tape & Box (TB)
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Transistor Type:
- NPN
- Current - Collector (Ic) (Max):
- 100 mA
- Voltage - Collector Emitter Breakdown (Max):
- 30 V
- Vce Saturation (Max) @ Ib, Ic:
- 250mV @ 500µA, 10mA
- Current - Collector Cutoff (Max):
- 15nA
- DC Current Gain (hFE) (Min) @ Ic, Vce:
- 420 @ 2mA, 5V
- Power - Max:
- 625 mW
- Frequency - Transition:
- 300MHz
- Operating Temperature:
- -55°C ~ 150°C (TJ)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Through Hole
- Supplier Device Package:
- TO-92 (TO-226)
BC548CZL1G FAQ
1.How can I place an order for BC548CZL1G through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for BC548CZL1G on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for BC548CZL1G reliable?
The price and inventory of BC548CZL1G are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for BC548CZL1G is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for BC548CZL1G?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for BC548CZL1G transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for BC548CZL1G?
BC548CZL1G orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your BC548CZL1G order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for BC548CZL1G?
For technical support, including BC548CZL1G datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your BC548CZL1G requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that BC548CZL1G is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All BC548CZL1G products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that BC548CZL1G meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of BC548CZL1G?
All BC548CZL1G units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with BC548CZL1G, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The BC548CZL1G part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for BC548CZL1G:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
BC548CZL1G Tags
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