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Texas Instruments BQ2014SN-D120TR
- Part No.:
- BQ2014SN-D120TR
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Battery Management
- Package:
- 16-SOIC (0.154", 3.90mm Width)
- Datasheet:
-
BQ2014SN-D120TR.pdf
- Description:
- IC BATTERY GAS GAUGE 16-SOIC
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:3,423
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Product details
Overview
BQ2014SN-D120TR from Texas Instruments is a battery gas gauge IC designed for NiCd/NiMH battery pack integration, delivering conservative and repeatable available charge measurement via sense-resistor current monitoring, 120µA standby current, single-wire serial interface (DQ), and five-segment LED display drive capability. It operates from 3.0–6.5V supply and supports end-of-discharge threshold selection for precise battery state-of-charge indication in portable power tools.
For engineers reviewing the BQ2014SN-D120TR datasheet, BQ2014SN-D120TR pinout, BQ2014SN-D120TR application, or BQ2014SN-D120TR equivalent, key selection considerations include its 16-pin narrow SOIC package, SR/VSS differential sensing architecture, NAC register-based capacity tracking, self-discharge compensation using internal temperature sensor, and CHG output compatibility with external fast-charge controllers like bq2004.
Technical Context
The BQ2014SN-D120TR implements coulomb counting by integrating voltage across an external sense resistor (SR–VSS), applying real-time temperature- and rate-compensated corrections to charge/discharge currents and self-discharge estimation. Its dual-mode operation-LED direct drive (SEG1–SEG5/LCOM) and bidirectional single-wire serial communication (DQ)-enables flexible system integration without requiring dedicated microcontroller peripherals.
Gas gauge functionality relies on three core registers: Nominal Available Charge (NAC), Last Measured Discharge (LMD), and Discharge Count Register (DCR), with automatic capacity learning during full discharge cycles. The device uses programmable thresholds (VSRQ = +375µV, VSRD = −300µV default) and digital magnitude filtering to reject noise below valid charge/discharge activity levels.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Supply Voltage | 3.0–6.5V - supports direct operation from 3–4 cell NiCd/NiMH packs; REF output enables regulator extension to higher cell counts. |
| Standby Current | 120µA typical - enables long-term battery pack monitoring without significant parasitic drain. |
| Sense Resistor Input | SR–VSS differential input - measures charge/discharge via external sense resistor; offset voltage (VOS) highly layout-sensitive. |
| Serial Interface | Single-wire DQ (open-drain) - asynchronous return-to-one protocol at ≤333 bits/sec; LSB-first transmission with BREAK initiation. |
| Temperature Sensing | Internal sensor, 10°C steps from –35°C to +85°C - used for self-discharge rate scaling and charge/discharge compensation. |
| LED Drive | LCOM + SEG1–SEG5 open-drain outputs - directly drives five-segment LED display; LCOM sinks current sourced from VCC. |
| Charge Control Output | CHG (open-drain) - asserted high when NAC > 94% of LMD or during valid charge; interfaces with external charge controllers. |
Pinout & Package
Package: 16-pin narrow SOIC (SOIC-16N), body width 3.9mm, lead pitch 0.65mm.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| SR | Sense resistor high-side input | Monitors voltage drop across external sense resistor; VSR > VSS = charge, VSR < VSS = discharge; requires strict single-point ground layout. |
| SB | Single-cell battery voltage monitor | High-impedance input for resistor-divider network; used for EDV1 (1.05V), EDVF (0.95V), and MCV (2.25V) detection. |
| DQ | Serial data I/O | Open-drain bidirectional pin; requires external pull-up; implements command-based read/write protocol with BREAK synchronization. |
| CHG | Charge control output | Open-drain signal active high when charging permitted (NAC > 94% LMD or valid charge detected); drives external bq2004-type controllers. |
| EMPTY | Battery empty indicator | Open-drain output latched high-impedance when VSB < 0.95V; remains latched until next valid charge. |
| LCOM | LED common output | Open-drain switch sourcing current from VCC to LED segments; disabled during initialization to allow PROGx resistor reading. |
| SEG1–SEG5/PROG1–PROG5 | Dual-function pins | Three-level inputs (H/Z/L) configure PFC thresholds (PROG1–PROG4) and self-discharge rate (PROG5); also drive LED segments when DISP enables display. |
| DISP | Display control input | Controls LED activation mode: high = disable, low = enable, floating = auto-enable during discharge if VSRO ≤ −4mV or during valid charge. |
| DONE | Fast-charge complete input | Active-high signal from external charger (e.g., bq2004); must be pulled down to VSS with 200kΩ resistor; triggers NAC update to LMD or 94% LMD. |
| REF | Voltage reference output | Provides stable reference for external micro-regulator; enables operation beyond 4-cell battery configurations. |
| VCC / VSS | Power supply / ground | VCC accepts 3.0–6.5V; VSS is system ground - critical for SR–VSS measurement integrity and noise rejection. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Conservative charge measurement | Uses integrated non-linearity error ±2% (±4% max) and integrated non-repeatability error ±1% to ensure robust SoC reporting under varying load/temperature. |
| Self-discharge compensation | Programmable rates (NAC64/NAC47/disabled) scaled across eight temperature bands (e.g., 164×NAC/day at 20–30°C) to maintain accuracy over shelf life. |
| User-selectable end-of-discharge | Two programmable thresholds (EDV1 = 1.05V, EDVF = 0.95V) with latched flag behavior ensure reliable "empty" detection independent of transient voltage recovery. |
| Capacity learning | Automatically updates LMD register after qualified full discharge (VSB < EDV1 with no intervening charge), enabling adaptive full-reference calibration without host intervention. |
| Robust serial interface | Asynchronous single-wire protocol with BREAK framing eliminates clock skew issues and reduces BOM cost versus I²C/SPI solutions. |
Applications
| Power Tools | Medical Portable Devices |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Cordless drill/driver battery packs requiring accurate runtime prediction and low-battery warning before motor stall. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Gas gauge IC performing real-time coulomb counting, temperature-compensated self-discharge estimation, and LED-based state-of-charge display. Use Value: Enables 5-segment LED fuel gauge with <±5% SoC accuracy across 0–45°C, extending usable runtime by preventing premature shutdown. | Use Scenario: Handheld ultrasound or infusion pump batteries needing fail-safe low-voltage cutoff to preserve critical data and prevent therapy interruption. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Battery management subsystem element monitoring single-cell voltage (SB), sense-resistor current (SR), and thermal drift to enforce EDVF = 0.95V cutoff. Use Value: Guarantees deterministic EMPTY output assertion at 0.95V with latch-hold behavior, eliminating false "empty" triggers during pulse loads. |
| Consumer Electronics | Industrial Test Equipment |
Use Scenario: Rechargeable NiMH AA/AAA battery chargers with integrated capacity verification and charge-status feedback. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Standalone gas gauge interfacing to host MCU via DQ serial port, providing NAC, temperature, and battery ID registers. Use Value: Delivers battery identification (BATID register), real-time temperature (TMPGG), and learned capacity (LMD) over serial link - enabling per-battery calibration and firmware-based charge algorithms. | Use Scenario: Field-deployable multimeters or oscilloscopes powered by sealed NiCd packs requiring long-term shelf-life monitoring. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Self-discharge estimator using internal timer and temperature sensor to adjust NAC downward during storage. Use Value: Compensates for up to 18% self-discharge per day (at >70°C) while maintaining <±2% integrated non-linearity error - ensuring accurate SoC after 6-month storage. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar battery gas gauge applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| BQ2018SN | Enhanced version with improved INL (±1.5%), wider VCC range (2.7–6.5V), and additional EEPROM for battery profile storage. | Supports more complex battery chemistries and longer-term data logging; requires updated firmware for register mapping. | Select BQ2018SN when extended accuracy, lower supply voltage support, or non-volatile parameter storage is required. |
| MAX1660A | Maxim Integrated gas gauge with integrated sense FET, 12-bit ADC, and SMBus interface instead of single-wire DQ. | Eliminates external sense resistor but mandates SMBus host; lacks direct LED drive capability. | Choose MAX1660A for systems already using SMBus infrastructure and where PCB space savings from integrated FET outweigh loss of LED display flexibility. |
Compared with BQ2014SN-D120TR, BQ2018SN offers tighter accuracy and EEPROM retention but shares identical pinout and serial protocol; MAX1660A replaces DQ/LED functionality with SMBus communication and integrated sensing, requiring hardware and firmware redesign.
Availability
BQ2014SN-D120TR is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for portable power tools, medical handheld devices, consumer battery chargers, and industrial test equipment requiring stable component supply and long-lifecycle support.
Supply support for BQ2014SN-D120TR includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, specializing in analog, embedded processing, and power management technologies.
The BQ2014SN-D120TR belongs to TI's battery management IC portfolio, engineered specifically for cost-sensitive, high-volume NiCd/NiMH battery pack applications requiring accurate fuel gauging without microcontroller dependency.
FAQ
What is the primary function of the BQ2014SN-D120TR in a battery pack?
The BQ2014SN-D120TR serves as a standalone gas gauge IC that monitors battery charge/discharge activity via a sense resistor, compensates for temperature and self-discharge, and reports available capacity through LED segments or serial interface. It does not manage charging directly but controls external chargers via the CHG output. Its design enables accurate state-of-charge estimation in NiCd/NiMH packs without requiring host processor intervention for basic operation.
How does the BQ2014SN-D120TR handle self-discharge compensation?
The BQ2014SN-D120TR estimates self-discharge using an internal timer and temperature sensor, applying programmable rates (NAC64 or NAC47) scaled across eight temperature bands. At 20–30°C, it defaults to 164×NAC or 147×NAC per day depending on PROG5 setting. Compensation adjusts dynamically: rate doubles per 10°C step above 30°C and halves per 10°C step below 10°C, ensuring accuracy across −35°C to +85°C operating range.
Can the BQ2014SN-D120TR operate without an external microcontroller?
Yes, the BQ2014SN-D120TR can operate autonomously using its built-in LED display capability (LCOM + SEG1–SEG5) for relative state-of-charge indication without any microcontroller. The DISP pin enables push-button or automatic display activation, and PROG1–PROG5 pins configure full-count thresholds and self-discharge rate. Serial communication (DQ) is optional and only required for advanced register access or host-driven calibration.
What are the critical layout requirements for accurate current sensing with the BQ2014SN-D120TR?
Accurate current sensing with the BQ2014SN-D120TR demands strict adherence to single-point ground return between SR and VSS pins. High-current ground paths must be physically separated from small-signal nodes to avoid noise coupling. The sense resistor (R1) and associated filter capacitor (C1) must be placed adjacent to the SR pin, and VCC decoupling (0.1µF ceramic) must be routed with minimal inductance to VSS. Layout violations cause VOS drift, directly degrading coulomb counting accuracy.
How does the BQ2014SN-D120TR determine when a battery is fully discharged?
The BQ2014SN-D120TR detects full discharge using two voltage thresholds on the SB pin: EDV1 (1.05V, early warning) and EDVF (0.95V, final empty). When VSB falls below EDVF, the EMPTY output switches to high impedance and remains latched until a valid charge occurs. A qualified discharge requires VSB < EDV1 with no intervening charge event, triggering LMD update from DCR - enabling adaptive capacity learning for future cycles.
BQ2014SN-D120TR Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 16-SOIC (0.154", 3.90mm Width)
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Active
- Function:
- Battery Monitor
- Battery Chemistry:
- Multi-Chemistry
- Number of Cells:
- -
- Fault Protection:
- -
- Interface:
- -
- Operating Temperature:
- 0°C ~ 70°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- 16-SOIC
BQ2014SN-D120TR FAQ
1.How can I place an order for BQ2014SN-D120TR through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for BQ2014SN-D120TR on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for BQ2014SN-D120TR reliable?
The price and inventory of BQ2014SN-D120TR are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for BQ2014SN-D120TR is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for BQ2014SN-D120TR?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for BQ2014SN-D120TR transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for BQ2014SN-D120TR?
BQ2014SN-D120TR orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your BQ2014SN-D120TR order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for BQ2014SN-D120TR?
For technical support, including BQ2014SN-D120TR datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your BQ2014SN-D120TR requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that BQ2014SN-D120TR is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All BQ2014SN-D120TR products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that BQ2014SN-D120TR meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of BQ2014SN-D120TR?
All BQ2014SN-D120TR units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with BQ2014SN-D120TR, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The BQ2014SN-D120TR part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for BQ2014SN-D120TR:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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