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Texas Instruments BQ2016DBQ
- Part No.:
- BQ2016DBQ
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Battery Management
- Package:
- 28-SSOP (0.154", 3.90mm Width)
- Datasheet:
-
BQ2016DBQ.pdf
- Description:
- IC BATTERY GAS GAUGE 28-QSOP
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:1,679
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Product details
Overview
BQ2016DBQ from Texas Instruments is a gas gauge IC for NiCd/NiMH battery packs, providing accurate remaining capacity measurement via voltage-to-frequency conversion and dynamic current sensing. It supports 1–4.5 Ah cells, operates from 2.7–3.7 V, features 5-LED display output, and uses HDQ 1-wire interface at 5 kb/s for register access. Designed for high-discharge-rate tools like cordless power drills.
For engineers reviewing the BQ2016DBQ datasheet, BQ2016DBQ pinout, BQ2016DBQ application, or BQ2016DBQ equivalent, this page delivers verified functional role (battery capacity estimator), real-time compensation for temperature/rate/self-discharge, LED-driven state-of-charge indication, HDQ host communication protocol details, and validated alternative options for NiCd/NiMH pack integration.
Technical Context
The BQ2016DBQ implements a fully differential, dynamically balanced voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) for charge/discharge current integration across SR1/SR2 sense resistor inputs, with digital filter thresholds adjustable from 300 µV (uncalibrated) to 100 µV (post-calibration). It pairs this with a delta-sigma ADC for SB (pack voltage), SRC (instantaneous current), and TS (temperature) measurements sampled every 2 seconds.
Compensation logic applies discrete efficiency factors per chemistry (NiCd/NiMH), discharge rate (≤1C to >12C), and temperature (–20°C to 70°C), updating NAC (Nominal Available Capacity) and DCR (Discharge Count Register) in real time. The VPFC and PROG pins configure PFC (Programmed Full Count) and thermistor selection while enabling fast/trickle-charge detection for NAC calibration.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Supply Voltage | 2.7–3.7 V - powers directly from battery pack; REG output maintains stable 3.3 V for internal circuitry. |
| Operating Current | 180–235 µA - enables low-power operation during standby and active monitoring. |
| VFC Input Range | ±250 mV - supports high-discharge currents up to 10 A with 3 mΩ sense resistor. |
| HDQ Interface Speed | 5 kb/s - enables host microcontroller read/write of NAC, voltage, temperature, current, and status registers. |
| Temperature Accuracy | ±4°C (external thermistor), ±6°C (internal) - used to adapt capacity estimation and self-discharge modeling. |
| LED Drive Capability | 5 mA sink per LED (LED1–LED5) - drives standard indicator LEDs without external drivers. |
| Operating Temperature | –20°C to 70°C - qualified for industrial and power-tool environments. |
Pinout & Package
Package: 28-pin SSOP (Small Outline Package), 0.65 mm pitch, body size 10.2 × 5.3 mm - optimized for compact battery-pack PCB layout with ≤1 in² footprint.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| HDQ | Serial I/O | Open-drain bidirectional 1-wire port for host communication at 5 kb/s; requires pull-up resistor. |
| RBI | Register Backup Input | Accepts capacitor or auxiliary supply to retain register state during VCC collapse (e.g., high-pulse discharge). |
| REG | Regulator Control Output | Drives external n-JFET to regulate VCC from battery cells; maintains 3.3 V ±0.2 V output. |
| VCC / VSS | Power Supply | VCC: main supply input (2.7–3.7 V); VSS: ground reference for all analog/digital circuits. |
| LED1–LED5 | Display Outputs | Active-low open-drain outputs driving five discrete LEDs for 6-level SOC indication (0–100%). |
| SR1 / SR2 / SRC | Current Sense Inputs | Differential (SR1/SR2) and single-ended (SRC) inputs for VFC and ADC-based current measurement. |
| VPFC / PROG | Configuration Inputs | 16-level VPFC sets PFC (full-capacity reference); PROG selects thermistor type and charge-detection thresholds. |
| SB / TS / CVON / THON | Voltage & Temp Sensing | SB monitors pack voltage (1.25 V full-scale); TS reads thermistor; CVON/THON control divider/bias switching. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| VFC-based charge integration | Measures bipolar current flow (±250 mV) with auto-calibrating offset (±16 µV post-cal), enabling precise coulomb counting under high-pulse loads. |
| Dynamic rate & temperature compensation | Applies discrete NiCd/NiMH efficiency tables for charge (0.75–0.95) and discharge (90–100%) based on real-time C-rate and ambient temperature. |
| Self-discharge modeling | Adjusts NAC daily at 1/80× (NiCd) or 1/60× (NiMH) base rate, doubling per +10°C rise - critical for long-storage battery packs. |
| LED-based SOC display | Direct drive of 5 LEDs with blink-on-low-alert (NAC < 6% or VSB ≤ EDV = 0.45 V), eliminating need for external display controller. |
| HDQ 1-wire host interface | Enables full register access (NAC, VSB, TEMP, FLAGS, DCR) using single wire and minimal firmware overhead - ideal for embedded host processors. |
Applications
| Power Tools | Medical Portable Devices |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Cordless drill/driver with 12–18 V NiMH pack delivering 5–10 A peak discharge. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Real-time capacity estimator compensating for high-rate discharge inefficiency and temperature drift during intermittent heavy load. Use Value: Prevents unexpected shutdown by reporting true remaining runtime-not just voltage-enabling user to complete tasks before depletion. | Use Scenario: Battery-powered infusion pump requiring 8–24 hour runtime and FDA-compliant capacity accuracy. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary gas gauge maintaining NAC register with self-discharge correction and temperature-adapted display for clinical safety. Use Value: Ensures dose delivery continuity by triggering low-battery alerts ≥30 minutes before end-of-life, meeting medical device runtime predictability standards. |
| Two-Way Radios | Emergency Lighting Systems |
Use Scenario: Tactical handheld radio with 7.2 V NiCd pack subjected to burst TX (2 A) and extended RX (50 mA) cycles. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Coupling VFC current integration with fast-charge detection (via PROG) to calibrate NAC during trickle recharge between transmissions. Use Value: Delivers consistent 5-bar LED indication across duty cycles, avoiding false "full" readings after brief charging pulses. | Use Scenario: UL924-certified exit sign with sealed NiMH backup battery operating in unconditioned stairwells (0–40°C). IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Long-term capacity tracker applying temperature-translated display (Table 7) and monthly self-discharge compensation. Use Value: Guarantees minimum 90-minute illumination by validating battery health quarterly via HDQ-read NAC and DCR history - satisfying NFPA 101 compliance. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar battery fuel gauging applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| BQ2019DBQ | Successor IC with enhanced VFC linearity (±0.1% INL vs. 0.21%), wider VCC range (2.5–5.5 V), and integrated LDO replacing external JFET regulator. | Supports Li-ion chemistries and higher-voltage packs; lacks dedicated NiCd/NiMH PFC programming table. | Select BQ2019DBQ for new designs needing broader voltage support and improved accuracy; retain BQ2016DBQ for legacy NiCd/NiMH tool packs with fixed VPFC/PROG configuration. |
| MAX1660EAP+ | Maxim IC using dual-slope ADC instead of VFC; offers SMBus interface, 12-bit voltage/temp resolution, but no native LED driver outputs. | Requires external LED driver or MCU GPIO control; supports wider chemistry set (Li-ion, LiPo, NiCd, NiMH) with programmable learning algorithms. | Choose MAX1660EAP+ when SMBus infrastructure exists and multi-chemistry flexibility outweighs LED-integration benefit of BQ2016DBQ. |
Compared with BQ2016DBQ, BQ2019DBQ improves accuracy and simplifies power design but drops NiCd-specific compensation tables, while MAX1660EAP+ adds protocol flexibility and resolution at the cost of LED drive integration and higher BOM count.
Availability
BQ2016DBQ is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for power tools, portable medical devices, two-way radios, and emergency lighting systems requiring stable component supply across extended production lifecycles.
Supply support for BQ2016DBQ includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader specializing in analog, embedded processing, and power management technologies, with over 50 years of innovation in precision analog ICs.
The BQ2016DBQ belongs to TI's battery management analog front-end (AFE) product line, engineered specifically for accurate fuel gauging in high-current NiCd/NiMH battery packs used in professional-grade portable equipment.
FAQ
What battery chemistries does the BQ2016DBQ support?
The BQ2016DBQ is explicitly designed for nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) rechargeable batteries. Its internal compensation tables, PFC programming levels (Table 2), and discharge-efficiency logic are calibrated for these chemistries only. It does not support lithium-ion or lead-acid chemistries, and attempting to use it with them will result in inaccurate capacity reporting due to mismatched voltage profiles and self-discharge models. The BQ2016DBQ data sheet confirms NiCd/NiMH operation across all functional descriptions and parameter tables.
How does the BQ2016DBQ compensate for temperature effects on battery capacity?
The BQ2016DBQ compensates for temperature using dual mechanisms: first, it adjusts self-discharge estimation by doubling the daily decay rate per +10°C rise above 20–30°C baseline; second, it applies temperature-dependent discharge-efficiency factors (e.g., –5% per 10°C step below 10°C for NiMH) and charge-compensation multipliers (e.g., 0.75–0.95) retrieved from built-in lookup tables. These corrections are applied before updating the NAC register, ensuring remaining capacity reflects actual deliverable energy at operating temperature - not just voltage-derived estimates.
What is the function of the RBI pin on the BQ2016DBQ?
The RBI (Register Backup Input) pin on the BQ2016DBQ provides data-retention capability during transient VCC collapse, such as during high-pulse discharge events that momentarily drop pack voltage below 3.0 V. When VCC falls, RBI supplies backup current (≤50 nA) from an external capacitor or auxiliary cell to maintain register contents (NAC, DCR, flags). RBI accepts 1.3 V minimum backup voltage and sources VCC when operational. This ensures continuous capacity tracking without reset or loss of learned LMD values - critical for tools experiencing repeated motor stall conditions.
Can the BQ2016DBQ be used without the HDQ interface?
Yes, the BQ2016DBQ can operate autonomously without HDQ communication. Its core gas-gauge functionality - including VFC-based charge integration, NAC/DCR accumulation, temperature/rate compensation, and LED-driven SOC display - runs independently using only VPFC/PROG configuration and analog inputs (SR1/SR2, SB, TS). HDQ is optional for host readout of registers, diagnostics, or forced calibration; removing HDQ wiring disables remote monitoring but preserves all local fuel-gauging and display functions. The BQ2016DBQ data sheet states HDQ is "useful for pack testing or host processing," not required for basic operation.
What is the purpose of the VPFC pin on the BQ2016DBQ?
The VPFC (Voltage Program Full Count) pin on the BQ2016DBQ is a 16-level analog input that sets both the initial full-charge reference (PFC register) and the counting scale (mVh/count) for the VFC. During power-up, the BQ2016DBQ samples VPFC's voltage ratio against VCC to select one of 16 predefined PFC values (e.g., 5.4 mVh for level 5), which defines the battery's nominal full capacity and determines overload threshold and digital filter behavior. This eliminates need for external EEPROM or MCU programming - enabling factory-set capacity references directly in hardware.
BQ2016DBQ Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 28-SSOP (0.154", 3.90mm Width)
- Packaging:
- Bulk
- Product Status:
- Active
- Function:
- Battery Monitor
- Battery Chemistry:
- Multi-Chemistry
- Number of Cells:
- -
- Fault Protection:
- -
- Interface:
- HDQ
- Operating Temperature:
- -20°C ~ 70°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- 28-SSOP
BQ2016DBQ FAQ
1.How can I place an order for BQ2016DBQ through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for BQ2016DBQ on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for BQ2016DBQ reliable?
The price and inventory of BQ2016DBQ are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for BQ2016DBQ is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for BQ2016DBQ?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for BQ2016DBQ transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for BQ2016DBQ?
BQ2016DBQ orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your BQ2016DBQ order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for BQ2016DBQ?
For technical support, including BQ2016DBQ datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your BQ2016DBQ requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that BQ2016DBQ is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All BQ2016DBQ products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that BQ2016DBQ meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of BQ2016DBQ?
All BQ2016DBQ units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with BQ2016DBQ, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The BQ2016DBQ part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for BQ2016DBQ:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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