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Texas Instruments BQ2031PN-A5E4
- Part No.:
- BQ2031PN-A5E4
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Battery Chargers
- Package:
- 16-DIP (0.300", 7.62mm)
- Datasheet:
-
BQ2031PN-A5E4.pdf
- Description:
- SWITCH-MODE LEAD-ACID BATTERY CH
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:2,400
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Product details
Overview
BQ2031PN-A5E4 from Texas Instruments is a lead-acid battery fast-charge IC that implements pin-selectable two-step voltage, two-step current, and pulsed-current charging algorithms with temperature-compensated voltage reference, programmable charge termination (max voltage/∆2V/min current/max time), and direct LED status outputs. It supports 16-pin PDIP packaging, operates from 4.5–5.5 V supply, and delivers up to IMAX = 0.250 V / RSNS regulated charge current for cyclic and float charging of sealed or flooded lead-acid batteries in UPS and telecom backup systems.
For engineers reviewing the BQ2031PN-A5E4 datasheet, BQ2031PN-A5E4 pinout, BQ2031PN-A5E4 application, or BQ2031PN-A5E4 equivalent, this page provides verified technical context on PWM-based constant-voltage/constant-current regulation, pre-charge qualification logic, thermal fault handling, maintenance charging modes, and real-world implementation constraints including external R-C timing networks for MTO and TPWM, thermistor divider design, and BAT voltage scaling.
Technical Context
The BQ2031PN-A5E4 integrates a pulse-width modulation regulator with externally set switching frequency (FPWM = 0.1 / CPWM, typical 100 kHz) and dual-loop compensation (VCOMP/ICOMP). Its charge control architecture supports three distinct algorithms-Two-Step Voltage (current-regulated bulk → voltage-regulated absorption), Two-Step Current (voltage-limited bulk → ∆2V-terminated), and Pulsed Current (hysteretic on-demand pulsing)-each selected via QSEL/TSEL pin states.
Thermal monitoring uses an NTC thermistor network referenced to TS/SNS pins with defined thresholds: VLTF = 0.6 × VCC (LTF), VHTF = 0.44 × VCC (HTF), VTCO = 0.4 × VCC (TCO). All voltage thresholds-including VBLK, VFLT, VMIN-are temperature-compensated at −3.9 mV/°C from 25°C, and fast-charge termination applies hold-off periods (e.g., 0.15 × tMTO for max voltage/∆2V) to prevent premature cutoff during transient conditions.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| VCC Supply Range | 4.5 V to 5.5 V - powers internal circuitry and enables MOD output drive; ±10% tolerance accommodates standard 5 V rails. |
| Operating Temperature | −20 °C to +70 °C - commercial-grade rating; thermal shutdown enforced outside this range via TS input monitoring. |
| Charge Termination Options | Max voltage (VBLK), ∆2V (−8 mV accumulation), min current (IMIN = IMAX/10, /20, or /30 per IGSEL), max time-out (1–24 h via TMTO R-C). |
| Current Sensing Reference | VSNS = 0.250 V - sets IMAX = 0.250 V / RSNS; enables precise current regulation independent of supply variation. |
| Internal Voltage Reference | VREF = 2.20 V ±1% at 25°C, TC = −3.9 mV/°C - used for all voltage threshold comparisons (VBLK, VFLT, VHCO, VLCO) with automatic compensation. |
| PWM Switching Frequency | Configurable 100 kHz typical - set by external capacitor CPWM on TPWM pin; enables high-efficiency switch-mode operation with minimal power dissipation. |
| LED Drive Outputs | LED1/TSEL, LED2/DSEL, LED3/QSEL - tri-state drivers supporting direct LED connection; COM common sink up to 30 mA. |
Pinout & Package
Package: 16-pin narrow plastic DIP (PDIP-N), 0.300" width, RoHS-compliant NIPDAU finish, MSL not applicable. Pin pitch 0.100", body dimensions 0.740" × 0.300" × 0.170".
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (TMTO) | Time-out timebase input | Connects external R-C network to set maximum charge duration (tMTO = 0.5 × R × C, 1–24 h); resistor 20–480 kΩ, capacitor 0.1 µF typical. |
| 2 (FLOAT) | Float state control output | Open-drain output driving external resistor divider to regulate float voltage (VFLT); requires pull-up to VCC for proper biasing. |
| 3 (BAT) | Battery voltage sense input | High-impedance (≥50 MΩ) input for scaled battery voltage; used for VBLK/VFLT regulation and battery presence detection (VLCO–VHCO window). |
| 4 (VCOMP) | Voltage loop compensation input | Accepts external RC network to stabilize voltage control loop; prevents oscillation during CV regulation phase. |
| 5 (ICOMP) | Current loop compensation input | Accepts external RC network to stabilize current control loop; critical for stable CC regulation and pulsed-current transitions. |
| 6 (IGSEL) | Current gain select input | Three-state (L/H/Z) input setting IMIN termination threshold (IMAX/10, /20, /30) and maintenance current period (TP = 0.4/0.8/1.6 s). |
| 7 (SNS) | Current sense input | Monitors voltage drop across external sense resistor RSNS; VSNS = 0.250 V defines IMAX, enabling accurate current regulation. |
| 8 (TS) | Temperature sense input | Reads voltage from NTC thermistor divider; interprets VLTF/VHTF/VTCO thresholds to enable/disable charging based on battery temperature. |
| 9 (TPWM) | PWM timebase input | Connects external capacitor to ground to set switching frequency (FPWM = 0.1 / CPWM); 0.001 µF yields ~100 kHz typical. |
| 10 (COM) | Common LED output | Shared cathode connection for LED1–LED3; sinks up to 30 mA total; high-impedance during initialization for pin programming. |
| 11 (LED3/QSEL) | Bi-directional charge algorithm select / status output | Input: selects charge algorithm with TSEL; Output: drives LED3 for fault, charge pending, or maintenance indication per DSEL mode. |
| 12 (LED2/DSEL) | Bi-directional display mode select / status output | Input: selects LED display mode (Mode 1/2/3); Output: drives LED2 per configured status sequence (flash/high/low). |
| 13 (LED1/TSEL) | Bi-directional termination select / status output | Input: selects charge algorithm with QSEL; Output: drives LED1 for fast charge, pre-qualification, or fault annunciation. |
| 14 (MOD) | PWM current-switching output | Push-pull PWM output controlling external MOSFET/switch; modulates 0–80% duty cycle to regulate charging current or voltage. |
| 15 (VCC) | Power supply input | 5.0 V ±10% supply; draws 2–4 mA quiescent current; must be stable before initialization completes. |
| 16 (VSS) | System ground | Reference node for all analog and digital functions; requires low-impedance connection to minimize noise coupling into SNS/TS/BAT. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Pin-selectable charge algorithms | Three distinct modes (Two-Step Voltage, Two-Step Current, Pulsed Current) selected via QSEL/TSEL states-enables optimization for battery type, aging, and thermal profile without firmware changes. |
| Pre-charge qualification logic | Detects open/short/damaged cells by applying VFLT + 0.25 V and verifying ISNS ≥ ICOND, then regulating ICOND and verifying VCELL ≥ VFLT-prevents unsafe high-current charging of faulty batteries. |
| Temperature-compensated voltage reference | −3.9 mV/°C coefficient applied to all voltage thresholds (VBLK, VFLT, VHCO, VLCO) ensures consistent regulation across ambient and battery temperature variations. |
| Direct LED status outputs | Three tri-state LED drivers (LED1–LED3) with common sink (COM) support real-time visual feedback of charge state, fault, and temperature out-of-range without microcontroller overhead. |
| Flexible PWM regulation | Externally programmable FPWM (via TPWM capacitor) and MTO (via TMTO R-C) allow tuning for efficiency, EMI, and application-specific charge timing requirements. |
Applications
| Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) | Telecom Backup Battery System |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Maintains standby capacity of 12 V/24 V sealed lead-acid batteries during AC mains failure, delivering regulated float voltage after bulk charge completion. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: BQ2031PN-A5E4 acts as primary charge controller, managing cyclic charge/discharge cycles, temperature-aware float regulation, and fault-safe shutdown during over-temp or open-cell events. Use Value: Enables reliable long-term battery health through temperature-compensated VFLT regulation and pre-qualification-reducing premature capacity loss in temperature-variable environments. |
Use Scenario: Charges 48 V telecom battery banks in central office cabinets where ambient temperature fluctuates between −5 °C and +45 °C. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: BQ2031PN-A5E4 executes Two-Step Voltage algorithm with VBLK = 56.4 V and VFLT = 54.0 V, dynamically adjusting thresholds using −3.9 mV/°C compensation. Use Value: Prevents undercharging in cold environments and overcharging in hot cabinets by maintaining optimal voltage windows-extending service life beyond 5 years. |
| Industrial Motor Control Backup | Emergency Lighting System |
|
Use Scenario: Provides backup power for servo drive controllers requiring immediate restart after brief power interruptions. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: BQ2031PN-A5E4 performs rapid bulk charge using pulsed-current mode upon AC restoration, then transitions to maintenance with hysteretic current pulses to preserve SOC. Use Value: Achieves >95% state-of-charge recovery within 30 minutes post-outage while avoiding thermal stress-critical for motion-critical applications. |
Use Scenario: Powers LED emergency lights in commercial buildings using 6 V/12 V SLA batteries with mandatory 90-minute runtime compliance. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: BQ2031PN-A5E4 implements Two-Step Current algorithm with ∆2V termination to avoid voltage overshoot during absorption phase, ensuring safe full-charge without venting. Use Value: Guarantees repeatable full-charge cycles meeting IEC 60598-2-22 requirements-eliminating manual verification of battery readiness during inspections. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar lead-acid battery charge control applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| TI BQ2031SN-A5 | Same die, 16-pin narrow SOIC package; identical electrical specs, but surface-mount compatible with reflow profile Level-1-260°C-UNLIM. | Preferred for automated PCB assembly; requires different footprint and thermal pad layout vs. through-hole PDIP. | Select BQ2031SN-A5 when board space is constrained and SMT manufacturing is used; no functional change required. |
| Analog Devices LTC4000-1 | Wide-input (2.5–36 V) controller with integrated MOSFET drivers; supports Li-ion/Pb-acid; lacks built-in LED drivers and ∆2V termination. | Suitable for multi-chemistry systems or higher input voltage ranges; requires external op-amps for current sensing and separate status indicators. | Choose LTC4000-1 only when designing flexible multi-battery platforms; BQ2031PN-A5E4 offers lower BOM count and simpler layout for dedicated Pb-acid use. |
Compared with BQ2031SN-A5, the BQ2031PN-A5E4 provides identical charge algorithm functionality and timing behavior but in a through-hole PDIP package suited for prototyping and low-volume industrial builds; versus LTC4000-1, it trades multi-chemistry flexibility for reduced external component count and integrated visual status feedback.
Availability
BQ2031PN-A5E4 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for uninterruptible power supplies, telecom backup systems, and industrial motor control backup requiring stable component supply, long-life battery management, and temperature-resilient charging performance.
Supply support for BQ2031PN-A5E4 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader specializing in analog, embedded processing, and power management technologies, with decades of expertise in battery management ICs and industrial-grade power solutions.
The BQ2031PN-A5E4 belongs to TI's lead-acid charge controller product line, designed specifically to replace discrete charger designs with integrated, temperature-aware, algorithm-flexible ICs for UPS, telecom, and backup power applications.
FAQ
What charge termination methods does the BQ2031PN-A5E4 support?
The BQ2031PN-A5E4 supports four fast-charge termination methods: maximum cell voltage (VBLK), second difference of voltage (∆2V ≤ −8 mV), minimum current (IMIN set by IGSEL), and maximum time-out (tMTO, 1–24 h via TMTO R-C). Selection depends on the active algorithm-e.g., ∆2V is exclusive to Two-Step Current mode, while IMIN applies only in Two-Step Voltage mode. The BQ2031PN-A5E4 enforces hold-off periods (0.15 × tMTO) before evaluating max voltage or ∆2V to avoid false triggers during initial transients.
How does the BQ2031PN-A5E4 handle battery temperature monitoring?
The BQ2031PN-A5E4 monitors battery temperature via the TS pin using an external NTC thermistor divider network. It compares the resulting voltage against three thresholds: VLTF = 0.6 × VCC (low-temp fault), VHTF = 0.44 × VCC (high-temp fault hysteresis), and VTCO = 0.4 × VCC (temperature cutoff). Charging halts immediately if temperature exceeds VTCO or falls below VLTF, entering Charge Pending state until valid range resumes. The BQ2031PN-A5E4 suspends all timers-including tMTO-during Charge Pending and resumes from the prior state once temperature recovers.
Can the BQ2031PN-A5E4 be used with different lead-acid battery configurations?
Yes-the BQ2031PN-A5E4 supports 3–18 series lead-acid cells via scalable external resistor dividers on BAT and FLOAT pins. Equations in the datasheet define RB1/RB2 for VFLT and RB1/RB3 for VBLK based on cell count (N) and manufacturer-specified voltages. For example, a 12 V (6-cell) battery uses VFLT ≈ 13.8 V and VBLK ≈ 14.4 V, yielding resistor values that scale linearly with N. The BQ2031PN-A5E4's internal reference compensation ensures accuracy across temperature, making it adaptable to flooded, AGM, and gel variants when configured per battery vendor recommendations.
What is the role of the MOD pin on the BQ2031PN-A5E4?
The MOD pin on the BQ2031PN-A5E4 is a push-pull PWM output that directly controls the external switching element (e.g., N-channel MOSFET) in the charging path. It modulates duty cycle between 0% and 80% of the switching period (set by TPWM capacitor) to maintain constant current or constant voltage regulation. During fast charge, MOD switches at up to 100 kHz to regulate ISNS = 0.250 V / RSNS; during float, it maintains VBAT = VFLT. The BQ2031PN-A5E4 disables MOD entirely during faults, pre-qualification, or Charge Pending states to ensure safety.
How does the BQ2031PN-A5E4 perform pre-charge qualification?
The BQ2031PN-A5E4 performs two-stage pre-charge qualification before enabling fast charge: first, it applies VFLT + 0.25 V across the battery and verifies ISNS ≥ ICOND within tQT1 = 0.02 × tMTO; if failed, it enters Fault state. Second, it regulates current to ICOND and confirms VCELL ≥ VFLT within tQT2 = 0.16 × tMTO. A hold-off period (tHO1 = 0.002 × tMTO) precedes the second test. This process detects shorted, opened, or reversed cells-ensuring the BQ2031PN-A5E4 never applies high current to damaged batteries.
BQ2031PN-A5E4 Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 16-DIP (0.300", 7.62mm)
- Packaging:
- Tube
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Battery Chemistry:
- Lead Acid
- Number of Cells:
- 1
- Current - Charging:
- -
- Programmable Features:
- Current, Timer, Voltage
- Fault Protection:
- Over Temperature, Over Voltage
- Charge Current - Max:
- -
- Battery Pack Voltage:
- -
- Voltage - Supply (Max):
- 5.5V
- Interface:
- -
- Operating Temperature:
- -20°C ~ 70°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Through Hole
- Supplier Device Package:
- 16-PDIP
BQ2031PN-A5E4 FAQ
1.How can I place an order for BQ2031PN-A5E4 through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for BQ2031PN-A5E4 on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for BQ2031PN-A5E4 reliable?
The price and inventory of BQ2031PN-A5E4 are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for BQ2031PN-A5E4 is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for BQ2031PN-A5E4?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for BQ2031PN-A5E4 transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for BQ2031PN-A5E4?
BQ2031PN-A5E4 orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your BQ2031PN-A5E4 order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for BQ2031PN-A5E4?
For technical support, including BQ2031PN-A5E4 datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your BQ2031PN-A5E4 requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that BQ2031PN-A5E4 is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All BQ2031PN-A5E4 products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that BQ2031PN-A5E4 meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of BQ2031PN-A5E4?
All BQ2031PN-A5E4 units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with BQ2031PN-A5E4, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The BQ2031PN-A5E4 part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for BQ2031PN-A5E4:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
BQ2031PN-A5E4 Tags
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BQ21040DBVR
Texas Instruments
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MCP73812T-420I/OT
Microchip Technology
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MCP73831T-2ACI/OT
Microchip Technology
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Microchip Technology
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MCP73832T-2DCI/OT
Microchip Technology
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MCP73831T-2ATI/OT
Microchip Technology
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MCP73832T-2ATI/OT
Microchip Technology
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MCP73831T-5ACI/OT
Microchip Technology
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MCP73832T-2ACI/MC
Microchip Technology
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MCP73831T-2ACI/MC
Microchip Technology
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MCP73831T-2ATI/MC
Microchip Technology
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