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Texas Instruments BQ29312PWRG4
- Part No.:
- BQ29312PWRG4
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Battery Management
- Package:
- 24-TSSOP (0.173", 4.40mm Width)
- Datasheet:
-
BQ29312PWRG4.pdf
- Description:
- IC BATT PROT LI-ION 2-4C 24TSSOP
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:1,873
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Product details
Overview
BQ29312PWRG4 from Texas Instruments is a 2-, 3-, or 4-cell lithium-ion/polymer battery protection analog front-end (AFE) IC with integrated 3.3-V/25-mA LDO, I²C-compatible interface, cell voltage translation (0.15× scaling), and programmable overcurrent/short-circuit protection. It drives CHG/DSG/ZVCHG FETs and supports thermistor biasing via TOUT for notebook PC and portable instrumentation battery packs.
For engineers reviewing the BQ29312PWRG4 datasheet, BQ29312PWRG4 pinout, BQ29312PWRG4 application, or BQ29312PWRG4 equivalent, key selection criteria include its 4.5–25 V supply range, ±1% cell voltage monitoring accuracy, 60-µA typical quiescent current in normal mode, 20-µA sleep current, and support for 2-/3-/4-cell series configurations with individual VC1–VC5 sensing inputs.
Technical Context
The BQ29312PWRG4 implements dual-tier overcurrent protection with independently programmable thresholds (50–205 mV OL, 100–475 mV SC) and blanking delays (1–31 ms OL, 0–915 µs SC) via I²C registers. Its cell voltage monitor provides scaled GND-referenced outputs (0–4.5 V) with 0.150 ±0.002 scaling factor and <1% error after calibration.
It integrates a watchdog timer triggered by WDI (32.768 kHz input), three power modes (Normal/Sleep/Ship), and fail-safe FET control logic that autonomously disables CHG/DSG/ZVCHG on fault detection. The REG LDO powers internal circuitry and external peripherals, with start-up requiring ≥5.0 V at PACK and stable operation down to 4.5 V.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Cell Count Support | 2-, 3-, or 4-cell Li-ion/Li-polymer series stacks - enables flexible pack design without hardware change |
| Supply Voltage Range | 4.5 V to 25 V - accommodates full pack voltage range from 2S (8.4 V) to 4S (16.8 V) plus margin |
| LDO Output | 3.3 V ±2% at ≤25 mA - powers host microcontroller or sensors directly; requires 4.7 µF output capacitor |
| Quiescent Current | 60 µA typical in normal mode - minimizes standby drain in always-on battery management systems |
| Overload Threshold | Programmable 50–205 mV in 5-mV steps - sets discharge current limit based on sense resistor value |
| Short-Circuit Threshold | Charge/discharge programmable 100–475 mV in 25-mV steps - enables asymmetric fault response for charge vs. discharge paths |
| I²C Interface | Standard-mode (≤100 kHz), open-drain SCLK/SDATA with internal 10 kΩ pull-ups to REG - simplifies host connection without external resistors |
Pinout & Package
TSSOP-24 (PW) package: 7.8 mm × 4.4 mm, 0.65 mm pitch, exposed thermal pad (GND-connected). Designed for high-density battery pack PCB layouts with thermal relief via GND pins (12, 15).
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| BAT (1) | Primary power input | Diode-protected connection to battery stack positive; powers internal circuitry when PACK is absent |
| DSG (2) | Discharge FET gate driver | Push-pull output driving external N-channel MOSFET gate; clamped to 15 V max VGS |
| VC1–VC5 (3–7) | Cell voltage sensing inputs | Enable differential measurement of up to four series cells; VC1 = most positive, VC5 = most negative |
| SR1/SR2 (8–9) | Current sense terminals | Differential inputs for discharge current sensing; SR1 positive, SR2 negative relative to load path |
| CELL (11) | Scaled cell voltage output | GND-referenced analog output = –0.15×(VCn–VCn+1) + 0.975 V - interfaces directly with ADCs |
| REG (18) | LDO output | 3.3-V regulated supply for internal logic and external peripherals; requires 4.7 µF ceramic capacitor |
| TOUT (17) | Thermistor bias current source | Programmable current source (max 1 mA) with ≤100 Ω output impedance - drives NTC thermistors for temperature monitoring |
| XALERT (16) | Fault interrupt output | Open-drain alert signal pulled up to REG; asserts low on OL/SC fault, watchdog timeout, or SLEEP state change |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Programmable Overload Protection | 50–205 mV threshold with 10 mV hysteresis and 1–31 ms blanking delay - prevents nuisance tripping during motor startup or pulse loads |
| Asymmetric Short-Circuit Detection | Independent 100–475 mV thresholds for charge and discharge paths - allows optimized FET sizing and thermal management per direction |
| Cell Voltage Translation Accuracy | <1% error after calibration using internal reference and gain/offset registers - eliminates need for external precision amplifiers |
| Three Power Modes | Normal (full function), Sleep (20 µA, I²C active), Ship (0.1 µA, REG off) - extends shelf life and reduces parasitic drain during storage |
| Integrated Thermistor Drive | Configurable TOUT current source with ≤100 Ω output impedance - supports standard 10 kΩ NTCs without external bias components |
Applications
| Notebook PC Battery Packs | Medical Portable Devices |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: 3-cell Li-ion pack powering ultrabook with USB-C PD charging and runtime estimation. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: AFE providing cell-level voltage monitoring, discharge overcurrent protection, and thermistor-based temperature supervision for safety compliance. Use Value: Enables accurate state-of-charge calculation via bq2084 gas gauge interface while preventing thermal runaway during high-power discharge. |
Use Scenario: Handheld diagnostic instrument with replaceable 4-cell battery requiring UL2054 and IEC 62133 certification. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary protection IC enforcing overvoltage, undervoltage, and short-circuit cutoffs with fail-safe FET control independent of host MCU. Use Value: Meets medical device safety standards through autonomous protection response and latchable fault reporting via XALERT interrupt. |
| Industrial Test Equipment | Portable Instrumentation |
Use Scenario: Battery-powered oscilloscope with 2-hour runtime and hot-swap battery support. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Dual-role AFE managing both pack protection and precise cell voltage feedback for runtime prediction algorithms. Use Value: Delivers <1% cell voltage error after calibration, enabling ±5-minute runtime accuracy across temperature and aging. |
Use Scenario: Field-deployed environmental sensor node operating 6 months on single 3-cell Li-polymer pack. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Low-power protection controller entering Ship mode during storage and waking via I²C to enable zero-drain logistics tracking. Use Value: Achieves 0.1 µA ship current, extending shelf life beyond 2 years without capacity loss from self-discharge. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar battery protection AFE applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| BQ29330PW | Same PW package, adds integrated 5-V boost regulator for host power; higher quiescent current (120 µA) | Required when host MCU lacks separate 3.3-V supply; not drop-in due to different REG pin behavior | Select BQ29330PW only if system needs regulated 5-V output; otherwise BQ29312PWRG4 offers lower IQ and simpler layout |
| MP2617GQ-Z | Monolithic 2–4S protector with integrated charge FET drivers; no I²C interface; fixed 100-mV OC threshold | Suitable for cost-sensitive designs where programmability and host communication are unnecessary | Choose MP2617GQ-Z for fixed-threshold, no-software applications; BQ29312PWRG4 preferred when adaptive protection or diagnostics are required |
Compared with BQ29330PW and MP2617GQ-Z, the BQ29312PWRG4 uniquely balances programmable protection, ultra-low sleep current (20 µA), and I²C configurability - making it optimal for host-managed battery systems requiring runtime optimization and field-upgradable safety parameters.
Availability
BQ29312PWRG4 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for notebook PC battery packs, medical portable devices, industrial test equipment, portable instrumentation, and handheld diagnostic instruments requiring stable component supply across multi-year production cycles.
Supply support for BQ29312PWRG4 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader specializing in analog, embedded processing, and power management technologies, with decades of expertise in battery management solutions.
The BQ29312PWRG4 belongs to TI's battery protection AFE product line, designed specifically for high-reliability, multi-cell lithium-based energy storage systems requiring autonomous safety enforcement and host-configurable parameters.
FAQ
What is the minimum supply voltage required to start up the BQ29312PWRG4?
The BQ29312PWRG4 requires a minimum start-up voltage of 5.0 V applied to the PACK terminal to enable the internal LDO. Once started, it operates down to 4.5 V across the full 4.5–25 V range. If PACK voltage drops below 5.0 V before start-up, the device remains inactive until voltage rises above threshold. This ensures reliable initialization in all battery pack configurations.
How does the BQ29312PWRG4 support 2-cell versus 4-cell battery configurations?
The BQ29312PWRG4 supports 2-, 3-, or 4-cell configurations via pin-strapping and register settings: VC1–VC5 inputs accommodate up to four differential cell measurements. In 2-cell mode, VC1 connects to top of stack, VC3 to midpoint, and VC5 to bottom; unused VC2/VC4 are tied appropriately. Configuration is validated through CELL_SEL register bits and does not require hardware changes.
Can the BQ29312PWRG4 perform cell balancing, and how is it implemented?
Yes, the BQ29312PWRG4 supports passive cell balancing via internal FET switches controlled by the CELL_SEL register (bits 4–7). Each cell bypass path uses an external series resistor to set maximum current (typical 10 mA). Balancing is initiated through I²C commands and occurs only during charge cycles, with timing and cell selection fully programmable - enabling voltage equalization without external controllers.
What happens to the BQ29312PWRG4 during a short-circuit event on the discharge path?
Upon detecting a discharge short-circuit (e.g., SR1–SR2 voltage exceeding programmed threshold), the BQ29312PWRG4 asserts XALERT low, latches the fault in STATUS register bit b1, and turns off the DSG FET within microseconds. The condition remains latched until the host clears LTCLR (bit 0 of OUTPUT CTL) and reads STATUS. FETs stay off if fault persists after reset, ensuring fail-safe isolation.
Is the BQ29312PWRG4 compatible with the bq2084 gas gauge, and how do they interface?
Yes, the BQ29312PWRG4 is explicitly designed to interface with the bq2084 gas gauge via I²C. It provides individual cell voltages and pack voltage to the bq2084 through the same bus, enabling accurate capacity prediction (<1% error). The BQ29312PWRG4 handles protection while bq2084 manages fuel gauging - their coexistence is validated in TI reference designs and application notes SLUS546E.
BQ29312PWRG4 Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 24-TSSOP (0.173", 4.40mm Width)
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Discontinued at Digi-Key
- Function:
- Battery Protection
- Battery Chemistry:
- Lithium Ion/Polymer
- Number of Cells:
- 2 ~ 4
- Fault Protection:
- Over Current, Over/Under Voltage, Short Circuit
- Interface:
- I2C
- Operating Temperature:
- -25°C ~ 85°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- 24-TSSOP
BQ29312PWRG4 FAQ
1.How can I place an order for BQ29312PWRG4 through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for BQ29312PWRG4 on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for BQ29312PWRG4 reliable?
The price and inventory of BQ29312PWRG4 are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for BQ29312PWRG4 is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for BQ29312PWRG4?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for BQ29312PWRG4 transactions.
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4.How is shipping managed for BQ29312PWRG4?
BQ29312PWRG4 orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your BQ29312PWRG4 order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for BQ29312PWRG4?
For technical support, including BQ29312PWRG4 datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your BQ29312PWRG4 requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that BQ29312PWRG4 is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All BQ29312PWRG4 products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that BQ29312PWRG4 meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of BQ29312PWRG4?
All BQ29312PWRG4 units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with BQ29312PWRG4, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The BQ29312PWRG4 part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for BQ29312PWRG4:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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