Texas Instruments BQ294512DRVT

Overview

BQ294512DRVT from Texas Instruments is a secondary overvoltage protection IC for 2- or 3-series Li-ion battery packs, featuring fixed 4.4 V OVP threshold, 4 s fault detection delay, ±10 mV accuracy, 1 µA supply current, and 6-pin SON package. It independently monitors each cell voltage and drives an external N-channel FET to trigger fuse blow during overvoltage events in portable power tools and notebooks.

For engineers reviewing the BQ294512DRVT datasheet, BQ294512DRVT pinout, BQ294512DRVT application, or BQ294512DRVT equivalent, key selection criteria include OVP threshold tolerance, delay time stability across temperature, low leakage per cell input (<100 nA), thermal pad connection requirement, and compatibility with 2-/3-cell stack configurations.

Technical Context

The BQ294512DRVT implements independent analog sensing of V1–VSS, V2–V1, and V3–V2 differential voltages using an internal multiplexer and precision comparator referenced to a factory-programmed 4.4 V overvoltage threshold. Its fixed 4 s delay timer activates only upon sustained overvoltage exceeding VOV for the full duration.

Operation relies on external RC filtering (RIN/CIN per cell, RVD/CVD on VDD) and requires PWRPAD soldered to VSS on PCB for thermal and electrical integrity. The OUT pin delivers active-high drive capable of sourcing ≥4.5 mA at VDD – 0.2 V to gate an NMOS fuse-control FET.

Key Specifications

Pinout & Package

Package: 6-pin WSON (DRV), 2.00 mm × 2.00 mm body size, exposed thermal pad (PWRPAD) requiring PCB connection to VSS.

Key Features

Applications

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar overvoltage protection applications.

Compared with BQ294522DRVT and BQ294504DRVT, the BQ294512DRVT provides the optimal balance of 4.4 V threshold alignment with common 4.2 V/cell charging profiles and 4 s delay for rapid yet reliable fault response-making it ideal for mainstream consumer and industrial 2-/3-cell packs.

Availability

BQ294512DRVT is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for power tools, notebook computers, tablets, and portable medical instruments requiring stable component supply and long-term lifecycle support.

Supply support for BQ294512DRVT includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor company specializing in analog and embedded processing technologies, with leadership in battery management and power solutions.

The BQ2945xy family was designed specifically for secondary overvoltage protection in multi-cell Li-ion battery packs, delivering factory-trimmed accuracy, ultra-low power, and compact packaging for space-constrained portable systems.

FAQ

What is the exact overvoltage protection threshold and accuracy of the BQ294512DRVT?

The BQ294512DRVT has a factory-programmed overvoltage protection threshold of 4.4 V with ±10 mV accuracy at 25°C. Over temperature (–40°C to +110°C), total drift remains within ±54 mV, ensuring predictable trip behavior across industrial operating conditions. This value is fixed and not user-adjustable, distinguishing it from programmable alternatives.

Does the BQ294512DRVT support both 2-cell and 3-cell Li-ion battery configurations?

Yes, the BQ294512DRVT supports both 2-series and 3-series Li-ion cell stacks. In 2-cell mode, the V3 pin is connected to V2; all three sense inputs (V1, V2, V3) remain functional but monitor only two differential voltages: V1–VSS and V2–V1. The device independently evaluates each monitored cell against the 4.4 V threshold.

How is the thermal pad (PWRPAD) used in the BQ294512DRVT layout?

The PWRPAD on the BQ294512DRVT must be electrically and thermally connected to the VSS net on the PCB - it is not optional. This connection establishes the internal ground reference, enables proper thermal dissipation, and ensures stable operation of the analog sensing circuitry. Failure to connect PWRPAD to VSS will result in incorrect OVP triggering or functional failure.

What external components are required for reliable operation of the BQ294512DRVT?

The BQ294512DRVT requires three RC filters (RIN/CIN) - one per cell sense input (V1, V2, V3) - and a VDD filter (RVD/CVD). Recommended values are RIN = 100–4700 Ω, CIN = 0.1–1 µF, RVD = 100–1 kΩ, and CVD = 0.1 µF. These components suppress noise and ensure stable voltage monitoring without affecting OVP response time.

Can the BQ294512DRVT delay time be modified or configured externally?

No, the BQ294512DRVT features a fixed 4 s overvoltage detection delay time. It is not configurable via pins, registers, or external components. This fixed timing is factory-set and verified across temperature and supply voltage ranges (3.2–4.8 s min–max). For adjustable delay, engineers must select another variant such as BQ294504DRVT (6.5 s) or contact TI for custom configurations.