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onsemi KSD1616ALBU
- Part No.:
- KSD1616ALBU
- Manufacturer:
- onsemi
- Category:
- Single Bipolar Transistors
- Package:
- TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA)
- Datasheet:
-
KSD1616ALBU.pdf
- Description:
- TRANS NPN 60V 1A TO-92-3
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:6,498
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Product details
Overview
KSD1616ALBU from onsemi is an NPN epitaxial silicon transistor designed for audio frequency power amplification and medium-speed switching applications, with 60 V VCEO, 1 A IC (DC), 0.75 W PD, hFE of 135–400 at IC = 100 mA, and fT up to 160 MHz - used in low-power audio stages and relay drivers.
For engineers reviewing the KSD1616ALBU datasheet, pinout, applications, or equivalent options, key selection criteria include VCEO/IC rating match, hFE classification (G/Y), TO-92-3 thermal derating, and complementary pairing with KSB1116A for push-pull output stages.
Technical Context
This device operates as a general-purpose bipolar junction transistor with fixed-emitter configuration, optimized for linear amplification below 100 MHz and saturated switching with tON/tF ≤ 70 ns and tSTG ≤ 950 ns. Its safe operating area supports DC and pulsed loads up to 2 A with 10 ms pulse width and <50% duty cycle.
The KSD1616ALBU features Pb-free construction per J-STD-609, uses TO-92-3 LF package (Case 135AR), and exhibits Cob = 19 pF at VCE = 10 V, enabling stable gain in mid-band audio circuits without excessive Miller effect distortion.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| VCEO | 60 V - supports rail voltages up to ±24 V in Class-A/B audio amplifier output stages |
| IC (DC) | 1 A - enables direct drive of 8 Ω speakers delivering ~150 mW into load with minimal heatsinking |
| hFE (IC = 100 mA) | 135–400 - provides sufficient current gain for single-stage preamp-to-driver interface without bootstrap bias |
| fT | 100–160 MHz - ensures adequate bandwidth for wideband audio (20 Hz–20 kHz) with >60 dB gain margin |
| PD @ 25°C | 0.75 W - requires PCB copper area ≥ 76 mm × 114 mm for full-rated dissipation per JEDEC standard |
| VCE(sat) | 0.15–0.30 V @ IC = 1 A - minimizes conduction loss in switching regulators and solid-state relay interfaces |
| Cob | 19 pF @ VCE = 10 V - limits high-frequency roll-off and stabilizes feedback networks in discrete op-amp designs |
Pinout & Package
Package: TO-92-3 LF (Case 135AR), Pb-free, through-hole mounting with 4.83 mm × 4.76 mm footprint and 3.5 mm lead length.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Emitter | Reference node for bias network; connects to ground or negative rail in common-emitter configurations |
| 2 | Collector | Output terminal carrying amplified/saturated current; routed to load or next stage collector supply |
| 3 | Base | Control input requiring current-limited drive (e.g., 5–50 mA) to achieve full saturation or linear operation |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Audio + switching dual use | Validated by fT ≥ 100 MHz and tON/tF ≤ 70 ns - enables shared BOM across analog and digital subsystems |
| Complementary pairing | Matched with KSB1116A PNP for push-pull output stages without external balancing components |
| Pb-free construction | Meets J-STD-609 Class 2a requirements - eliminates post-soldering lead removal steps in RoHS-compliant assembly |
| Thermal derating | 6 mW/°C above 25°C - defines usable ambient range up to 125°C with 0.5 W max dissipation in compact enclosures |
Applications
| Audio Power Amplifier Stage | Relay Driver Circuit |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Final output stage in battery-powered portable audio devices driving 8 Ω speakers. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN switch/amplifier operating in Class-A or Class-AB mode with emitter-follower bias. Use Value: Delivers 150 mW output with <1% THD using only one transistor and no heat sink due to 0.75 W PD. | Use Scenario: Driving 12 V/500 mA electromagnetic relays in industrial control panels. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Saturated switch controlling relay coil current with fast turn-on/turn-off. Use Value: Achieves tON ≤ 70 ns and tF ≤ 70 ns, reducing relay chatter and contact arcing during frequent actuation. |
| DC Motor Speed Control | Low-Voltage Power Supply Regulator |
Use Scenario: PWM-controlled H-bridge half-bridge leg for 6–12 V brushed DC motors in robotics. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Medium-speed switching element handling 1 A peak coil current at 1–5 kHz PWM. Use Value: Supports 2 A pulsed current (ICP) with 10 ms pulse width, enabling torque bursts without thermal shutdown. | Use Scenario: Pass transistor in linear regulator supplying 5 V/500 mA from 9 V input in embedded sensor nodes. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Series pass element dissipating up to 0.75 W under worst-case dropout. Use Value: Maintains regulation stability with VCE(sat) ≤ 0.3 V and hFE ≥ 135, minimizing dropout voltage and thermal drift. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar NPN transistor applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| MPSA13 | Lower VCEO (30 V), higher hFE (50–250), same TO-92-3 package | Not suitable for 60 V rail systems; limited to ≤24 V supplies | Select when lower-cost alternative needed for ≤24 V logic-level switching with high gain priority |
| KSC1845FTA | Higher fT (200 MHz), same VCEO/IC, but Pb-containing and obsolete per onsemi | Requires requalification for RoHS compliance; no Pb-free option available | Choose only if legacy design reuse mandates identical parametric curve fit and Pb exemption applies |
Compared with MPSA13 and KSC1845FTA, the KSD1616ALBU offers balanced VCEO/IC/fT performance in a certified Pb-free TO-92-3 package, making it optimal for new designs requiring 60 V capability, RoHS compliance, and audio-grade linearity without trade-offs in switching speed.
Availability
KSD1616ALBU is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for audio amplifier modules, relay driver boards, and low-voltage power regulators requiring stable component supply across industrial and consumer production programs.
Supply support for KSD1616ALBU includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
onsemi (formerly ON Semiconductor) is a global semiconductor supplier specializing in energy-efficient power management, analog, sensors, and connectivity solutions for automotive, industrial, and cloud infrastructure markets.
The KSD1616ALBU belongs to onsemi's general-purpose bipolar transistor product line, engineered for cost-sensitive, high-reliability discrete signal conditioning and power control in space-constrained through-hole applications.
FAQ
What is the maximum continuous collector current rating for KSD1616ALBU?
The KSD1616ALBU has a maximum DC collector current (IC) rating of 1 A at TA = 25°C. This rating decreases linearly above 25°C at 6 mW/°C due to thermal derating, limiting usable current to approximately 0.5 A at 125°C ambient. The KSD1616ALBU must be mounted on FR-4 PCB with minimum land pattern per JEDEC to sustain this rating.
Is KSD1616ALBU pin-compatible with KSD1616AGBU?
Yes, KSD1616ALBU and KSD1616AGBU share identical TO-92-3 LF (Case 135AR) packaging, pinout (Emitter-Collector-Base), and mechanical dimensions. The "L" and "G" suffixes denote hFE classification bins (L = Y-class: 135–270; G = 200–400), not physical differences - both variants are interchangeable in layout and soldering.
Does KSD1616ALBU support audio frequency amplification up to 20 kHz?
Yes, the KSD1616ALBU supports full-audio-band amplification with fT up to 160 MHz and measured hFE stability across 100 mA–1 A, ensuring >60 dB gain margin at 20 kHz. Its Cob = 19 pF and low VCE(sat) minimize phase shift and distortion in Class-A/B output stages using the KSD1616ALBU.
What is the safe operating area (SOA) limit for pulsed operation of KSD1616ALBU?
The KSD1616ALBU supports pulsed collector current up to 2 A (ICP) with pulse width ≤10 ms and duty cycle <50%, as defined in its Absolute Maximum Ratings. This SOA envelope allows short-duration overloads in motor start-up or relay pull-in without junction temperature exceedance, provided PCB thermal mass meets onsemi's 76 mm × 114 mm reference layout.
Can KSD1616ALBU be used as a direct replacement for KSD1616AYTA?
No - KSD1616AYTA is marked discontinued per onsemi's February 2026 revision history, while KSD1616ALBU remains active and Pb-free. Though both share TO-92-3 LF packaging and electrical specs, KSD1616ALBU supersedes YTA in manufacturing and supply chain; design reuse requires validation of hFE bin (Y vs L) and updated sourcing documentation for the KSD1616ALBU.
KSD1616ALBU Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- onsemi
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA)
- Packaging:
- Bulk
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Transistor Type:
- NPN
- Current - Collector (Ic) (Max):
- 1 A
- Voltage - Collector Emitter Breakdown (Max):
- 60 V
- Vce Saturation (Max) @ Ib, Ic:
- 300mV @ 50mA, 1A
- Current - Collector Cutoff (Max):
- 100nA (ICBO)
- DC Current Gain (hFE) (Min) @ Ic, Vce:
- 300 @ 100mA, 2V
- Power - Max:
- 750 mW
- Frequency - Transition:
- 160MHz
- Operating Temperature:
- 150°C (TJ)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Through Hole
- Supplier Device Package:
- TO-92-3
KSD1616ALBU FAQ
1.How can I place an order for KSD1616ALBU through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for KSD1616ALBU on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for KSD1616ALBU reliable?
The price and inventory of KSD1616ALBU are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for KSD1616ALBU is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for KSD1616ALBU?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for KSD1616ALBU transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for KSD1616ALBU?
KSD1616ALBU orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your KSD1616ALBU order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for KSD1616ALBU?
For technical support, including KSD1616ALBU datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your KSD1616ALBU requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that KSD1616ALBU is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All KSD1616ALBU products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that KSD1616ALBU meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of KSD1616ALBU?
All KSD1616ALBU units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with KSD1616ALBU, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The KSD1616ALBU part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for KSD1616ALBU:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
KSD1616ALBU Tags
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