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Home > Products > Discrete Semiconductor Products > Transistors > Bipolar (BJT) > Single Bipolar Transistors

onsemi KSD1616ALTA

Name: KSD1616ALTA
Brand: onsemi
SKU: KSD1616ALTA
Price: 2.40 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (2 reviews)

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Part No.:: KSD1616ALTA

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Category:: Single Bipolar Transistors

Package:: TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA) Formed Leads

Datasheet:: KSD1616ALTA.pdf

Description:: TRANS NPN 60V 1A TO-92-3

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Product details

Overview

KSD1616ALTA from ON Semiconductor is an NPN epitaxial silicon transistor designed for audio frequency power amplification and medium-speed switching applications. It features a 60 V V_CEO, 1 A DC collector current, 0.75 W power dissipation at 25°C, and TO-92 3L package. It serves as a complement to KSB1116/KSB1116A in push-pull amplifier stages and relay driver circuits.

For engineers reviewing the KSD1616ALTA datasheet, pinout, applications, or equivalent options, key selection criteria include its 100–160 MHz f_T, low V_CE(sat) (0.15–0.30 V at I_C = 1 A), h_FE classification up to 600, and TO-92 thermal resistance of 160°C/W - all critical for linear gain stability and thermal-limited switching designs.

Technical Context

The KSD1616ALTA operates as a general-purpose bipolar junction transistor with fixed-emitter configuration and base-controlled current amplification. Its h_FE is specified across two test conditions: 135–400 at I_C = 100 mA and ≥81 at I_C = 1 A, supporting both small-signal pre-amplification and higher-current output stage use.

It exhibits fast switching performance with t_ON = 0.07 μs, t_STG = 0.95 μs, and t_F = 0.07 μs under defined pulse conditions, and maintains Cob = 19 pF at V_CE = 10 V, enabling stable operation in 100 kHz–10 MHz audio and control-frequency circuits.

Key Specifications

Parameter	Value and Actual Design Meaning
V_CEO	60 V - Maximum safe collector-emitter voltage before breakdown; defines rail limit in Class-A/B amplifier and relay driver topologies.
I_C (DC)	1 A - Continuous collector current handling capacity; supports load switching up to ~12 W at 12 V with adequate heatsinking.
f_T	100–160 MHz - Current gain bandwidth product; ensures usable gain at audio frequencies and enables clean square-wave response up to ~1 MHz.
V_CE(sat)	0.15–0.30 V @ I_C = 1 A, I_B = 50 mA - Low saturation voltage minimizes conduction loss and self-heating in switching applications.
h_FE (I_C = 100 mA)	135–400 - Wide DC current gain range enables bias flexibility in fixed-bias or emitter-degenerated amplifier configurations.
R_θJA	160 °C/W - Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance on standard FR-4 PCB; requires derating above 25°C (6 mW/°C) for sustained operation.
C_ob	19 pF @ V_CE = 10 V - Output capacitance impacts high-frequency roll-off and Miller effect in common-emitter amplifiers.

Pinout & Package

Package: TO-92 3L (JEDEC-compliant straight-lead configuration, ammo pack). Standard lead assignment: Pin 1 = Emitter, Pin 2 = Collector, Pin 3 = Base.

Pin/Terminal	Circuit Role	Design Meaning
1 (Emitter)	Current exit path for majority carriers	Connected to ground or low-impedance return; determines common-emitter/common-collector topology and bias reference point.
2 (Collector)	Current entry path under forward-active operation	Typically tied to positive supply via load; voltage swing capability limited by V_CEO = 60 V rating.
3 (Base)	Control terminal for minority carrier injection	Receives current-limited drive; base resistance selection must ensure I_B ≥ I_C/h_FE(min) for saturation in switching use.

Key Features

Feature	Design Value
Audio frequency power amplification	Optimized h_FE linearity and f_T > 100 MHz enable distortion-free amplification across 20 Hz–20 kHz with minimal compensation.
Medium-speed switching	Sub-microsecond turn-on/turn-off times (t_ON/t_F ≤ 0.07 μs) support PWM duty cycles up to ~500 kHz in non-resonant loads.
Complementary pairing	Matched specifications and pinout with KSB1116/KSB1116A allow direct implementation in Class-B push-pull output stages.
TO-92 thermal management	0.75 W P_D at 25°C with 160°C/W R_θJA permits operation up to ~100°C ambient when mounted on minimum land pattern PCBs.
Low V_BE(sat)	0.9–1.2 V at I_C = 1 A ensures reliable base drive from 3.3 V or 5 V logic without level-shifting circuitry.

Applications

Audio Power Amplifier Stage	Relay Driver Circuit
Use Scenario: Final output stage in compact mono audio amplifiers driving 4–8 Ω speakers at ≤1 W RMS. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN BJT configured in common-emitter mode delivering current gain and voltage swing to speaker load. Use Value: High h_FE (up to 400) and low V_CE(sat) reduce crossover distortion and conduction loss, improving efficiency and thermal margin.	Use Scenario: Solid-state replacement for mechanical relays controlling 12 V/500 mA solenoids or indicator lamps in industrial panels. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Switching transistor operating in saturation/cutoff states under microcontroller GPIO control. Use Value: Fast t_ON/t_F (<0.1 μs) and robust I_CP = 2 A (pulse) ensure reliable actuation without contact bounce or coil flyback stress.
DC Motor Speed Control	Push-Pull Signal Inverter
Use Scenario: Low-voltage (≤24 V) brushed DC motor control in consumer appliances using 5–20 kHz PWM. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Single-ended switch in high-side or low-side configuration, modulated by PWM signal. Use Value: 100–160 MHz f_T and low Cob minimize switching losses and gate-drive interaction, preserving PWM fidelity.	Use Scenario: Complementary pair (with KSB1116A) forming TTL-compatible inverter or phase-splitter in analog interface circuits. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Active device in emitter-follower or common-emitter inverter topology providing voltage inversion and current buffering. Use Value: Matched h_FE classification and symmetrical V_CE(sat) enable balanced rise/fall times and reduced propagation delay skew.

Audio Power Amplifier Stage

Relay Driver Circuit

Use Scenario: Final output stage in compact mono audio amplifiers driving 4–8 Ω speakers at ≤1 W RMS.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN BJT configured in common-emitter mode delivering current gain and voltage swing to speaker load.

Use Value: High h_FE (up to 400) and low V_CE(sat) reduce crossover distortion and conduction loss, improving efficiency and thermal margin.

Use Scenario: Solid-state replacement for mechanical relays controlling 12 V/500 mA solenoids or indicator lamps in industrial panels.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Switching transistor operating in saturation/cutoff states under microcontroller GPIO control.

Use Value: Fast t_ON/t_F (<0.1 μs) and robust I_CP = 2 A (pulse) ensure reliable actuation without contact bounce or coil flyback stress.

DC Motor Speed Control

Push-Pull Signal Inverter

Use Scenario: Low-voltage (≤24 V) brushed DC motor control in consumer appliances using 5–20 kHz PWM.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Single-ended switch in high-side or low-side configuration, modulated by PWM signal.

Use Value: 100–160 MHz f_T and low Cob minimize switching losses and gate-drive interaction, preserving PWM fidelity.

Use Scenario: Complementary pair (with KSB1116A) forming TTL-compatible inverter or phase-splitter in analog interface circuits.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Active device in emitter-follower or common-emitter inverter topology providing voltage inversion and current buffering.

Use Value: Matched h_FE classification and symmetrical V_CE(sat) enable balanced rise/fall times and reduced propagation delay skew.

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar NPN power transistor applications.

Alternative Part	Technical Difference	Application Difference	Selection Advice
MJD1616G	TO-252 (DPAK) package, 1.5 A I_C, 1.25 W P_D, R_θJA = 62°C/W - higher power handling but surface-mount only.	Requires PCB rework for SMT layout; unsuitable for through-hole prototyping or legacy TO-92 footprints.	Select when thermal budget exceeds TO-92 limits and SMT assembly is available.
2SC4184	TO-92 package, 60 V V_CEO, 0.5 A I_C, f_T = 180 MHz - lower current rating but higher bandwidth.	Better suited for RF preamp or high-speed signal switching; insufficient for 1 A load switching.	Select when bandwidth >150 MHz is prioritized over current drive capability.

Compared with MJD1616G and 2SC4184, the KSD1616ALTA provides optimal balance of through-hole compatibility, 1 A DC current, and 100–160 MHz f_T - making it ideal for cost-sensitive, thermally constrained audio and control applications where TO-92 mounting and legacy design continuity are required.

Availability

KSD1616ALTA is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for audio amplifier modules, electromechanical interface circuits, and DC motor control systems requiring stable component supply, consistent parametric binning (L-class h_FE = 300–600), and JEDEC-standard TO-92 form factor.

Supply support for KSD1616ALTA includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

ON Semiconductor (formerly Fairchild Semiconductor) is a global supplier of energy-efficient semiconductor components, specializing in power management, analog, and discrete devices for automotive, industrial, and consumer markets.

The KSD1616ALTA belongs to ON Semiconductor's legacy general-purpose bipolar transistor product line, engineered for cost-effective, reliable amplification and switching in non-critical industrial and audio applications.

FAQ

What is the h_FE classification for KSD1616ALTA?

The KSD1616ALTA is marked "L" per its top mark D1616A and data sheet classification table, indicating a DC current gain (h_FE1) range of 300–600 at V_CE = 2 V and I_C = 100 mA. This high-gain bin supports low-base-drive designs in amplifiers and saturated switches. The KSD1616ALTA maintains h_FE2 ≥81 at I_C = 1 A, ensuring usable gain under full-load conditions.

Does KSD1616ALTA support pulse operation beyond its DC ratings?

Yes - the KSD1616ALTA supports pulsed collector current up to 2 A (I_CP) under conditions of pulse width ≤10 ms and duty cycle <50%, as specified in its Absolute Maximum Ratings. This allows short-duration surge handling in motor start-up or solenoid pull-in scenarios, provided average power remains within the 0.75 W derated limit.

What is the maximum operating temperature for KSD1616ALTA?

The KSD1616ALTA has a maximum junction temperature (T_J) of 150°C and storage temperature range of –55°C to +150°C. When operated at full 1 A DC current, its thermal design must account for R_θJA = 160°C/W and 6 mW/°C derating above 25°C ambient - limiting continuous power dissipation to ~0.45 W at 100°C ambient.

Is KSD1616ALTA pin-compatible with other KSD1616 variants?

Yes - all KSD1616x variants (including KSD1616AYTA, KSD1616AGBU, KSD1616AGTA, and KSD1616ALTA) share identical TO-92 3L package and pinout: Pin 1 = Emitter, Pin 2 = Collector, Pin 3 = Base. The "L" suffix denotes h_FE bin only; electrical and mechanical compatibility is maintained across the family.

Can KSD1616ALTA be used in place of KSD1616A without design changes?

Yes - KSD1616ALTA is a direct replacement for KSD1616A with identical absolute maximum ratings, electrical characteristics, package, and pinout. The "L" designation reflects tighter h_FE binning (300–600), offering improved consistency in gain-critical applications while maintaining full functional and mechanical interchangeability with the base KSD1616A part.

KSD1616ALTA Specifications

Product attributes: Attribute value

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Series:: -

Package/Case:: TO-226-3, TO-92-3 (TO-226AA) Formed Leads

Packaging:: Tape & Reel (TR)

Product Status:: Obsolete

Transistor Type:: NPN

Current - Collector (Ic) (Max):: 1 A

Voltage - Collector Emitter Breakdown (Max):: 60 V

Vce Saturation (Max) @ Ib, Ic:: 300mV @ 50mA, 1A

Current - Collector Cutoff (Max):: 100nA (ICBO)

DC Current Gain (hFE) (Min) @ Ic, Vce:: 300 @ 100mA, 2V

Power - Max:: 750 mW

Frequency - Transition:: 160MHz

Operating Temperature:: 150°C (TJ)

Grade:: -

Qualification:: -

Mounting Type:: Through Hole

Supplier Device Package:: TO-92-3

KSD1616ALTA FAQ

1.How can I place an order for KSD1616ALTA through Aetrix?

Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for KSD1616ALTA on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.

2.Are the price and stock information for KSD1616ALTA reliable?

The price and inventory of KSD1616ALTA are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for KSD1616ALTA is usually 5 days.

3.What payment methods are accepted for KSD1616ALTA?

We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for KSD1616ALTA transactions.

Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.

4.How is shipping managed for KSD1616ALTA?

KSD1616ALTA orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.

Once your KSD1616ALTA order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.

Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.

5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for KSD1616ALTA?

For technical support, including KSD1616ALTA datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your KSD1616ALTA requirements.

6.How does Aetrix verify that KSD1616ALTA is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?

All KSD1616ALTA products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that KSD1616ALTA meets industry standards.

7.What is the process for return or replacement of KSD1616ALTA?

All KSD1616ALTA units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with KSD1616ALTA, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:

1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.

2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.

3.The KSD1616ALTA part is unused and in its original packaging.

Return procedure for KSD1616ALTA:

1.Submit a request within 90 days.

2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.

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