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Texas Instruments LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16
- Part No.:
- LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Package:
- TO-220-5 Formed Leads
- Datasheet:
-
LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16.pdf
- Description:
- IC REG BUCK ADJ 1A TO220-5
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:4,219
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Product details
Overview
LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 from Texas Instruments is a monolithic nonsynchronous step-down (buck) DC-DC switching regulator delivering up to 1 A output current with adjustable output voltage (1.2 V to 57 V), ±4% output voltage tolerance over line and load, and 150-kHz fixed-frequency operation. It operates from 4.5 V to 60 V input and integrates internal frequency compensation, thermal shutdown, and current-limit protection - used in industrial power supplies requiring high-input-voltage regulation.
For engineers reviewing the LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 datasheet, LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 pinout, LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 application, or LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 equivalent, key selection criteria include its 60-V max input rating, ON/OFF control interface, feedback reference voltage of 1.23 V, 90-μA standby current, and DDPAK/TO-263-5 package thermal performance.
Technical Context
The LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 implements a nonsynchronous buck topology with an integrated NPN power switch, fixed 150-kHz oscillator, and internal error amplifier referenced to 1.23 V at the feedback pin. Its control loop uses voltage-mode regulation with internal compensation, eliminating external compensation components.
It supports active mode (ON/OFF pin ≤0.6 V) and shutdown mode (ON/OFF pin ≥2 V), drawing only 90 μA quiescent current in standby. Protection includes thermal shutdown, two-stage current limiting (1.3–2.8 A peak), and absolute maximum ratings up to 63 V on VIN and 25 V on ON/OFF and FB pins.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Input Voltage Range | 4.5 V to 60 V - supports wide-range industrial and automotive battery inputs without pre-regulation. |
| Output Voltage Range | 1.2 V to 57 V (adjustable) - set via external resistor divider; 1.23 V feedback reference enables precise programmability. |
| Output Current | 1 A continuous - specified across −40°C to +125°C junction temperature with thermal derating. |
| Switching Frequency | 127–173 kHz (typ. 150 kHz) - enables use of compact magnetics and low-ESR electrolytic capacitors. |
| Feedback Reference Voltage | 1.193 V to 1.267 V (±4% at 25°C) - tight tolerance ensures stable output regulation under varying load and temperature. |
| Standby Quiescent Current | 90 μA (typ.) - enables ultra-low-power shutdown for energy-sensitive systems. |
| Saturation Voltage | 0.95 V to 1.2 V at 1 A - directly impacts conduction loss and efficiency at high load currents. |
Pinout & Package
LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 is packaged in a thermally enhanced DDPAK/TO-263-5 (KTT) surface-mount package (10.18 mm × 8.41 mm), featuring exposed thermal pad for PCB heat sinking and rated for 50°C/W junction-to-ambient thermal resistance on standard 4-layer JEDEC board.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1: +VIN | Positive input supply | Accepts 4.5–60 V DC; requires local low-ESR bypass capacitor to handle high di/dt switching currents. |
| 2: Output | Internal NPN switch collector | Swings between ≈(+VIN − VSAT) and ≈−0.5 V; connects to catch diode anode and inductor. |
| 3: Ground | Power and signal reference | Common return path for input/output capacitors, feedback network, and thermal pad connection. |
| 4: Feedback | Regulation sense input | Monitors output via resistor divider; 1.23 V reference sets VOUT = 1.23 × (1 + R1/R2); sensitive to negative transients above 40 V VIN. |
| 5: ON/OFF | Shutdown control input | Logic-high (≥2 V) disables switching and reduces IQ to 90 μA; logic-low (≤0.6 V) or floating enables operation. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Adjustable output voltage (1.2 V to 57 V) | Enables single BOM reuse across multiple output rails without redesigning power stage. |
| Integrated 150-kHz oscillator | Eliminates external timing components and ensures consistent switching behavior across temperature and unit variance. |
| ON/OFF pin with 90-μA standby current | Supports system-level power sequencing and low-power sleep modes without external enable circuitry. |
| Thermal shutdown + current limiting | Prevents device failure during overload, short-circuit, or inadequate heatsinking - no external protection needed. |
| Internal frequency compensation | Reduces design risk by guaranteeing stability with standard external components (inductor, diode, caps). |
Applications
| Industrial 24/48-V Power Conversion | Automotive Aftermarket Electronics |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Converting 36–60 V truck battery or solar array input to 5 V/12 V for control modules. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary step-down regulator providing isolated, regulated DC rail with high input voltage tolerance. Use Value: Eliminates need for cascaded pre-regulators; maintains 1-A output capability even at 60 V input due to robust 63-V absolute max rating. |
Use Scenario: Powering infotainment displays, camera modules, or ADAS sensors from vehicle 12–24 V battery with transient ride-through. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Buck converter with ON/OFF control synchronized to ignition signal for cold-start management. Use Value: 90-μA standby current extends battery life during vehicle off-state; thermal shutdown prevents overheating in enclosed enclosures. |
| Programmable Lab Power Supplies | Positive-to-Negative Converters |
|
Use Scenario: Adjustable bench supply outputting 1.2–30 V at 1 A for prototype validation and testing. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Core regulation element in digitally controlled analog power stage with DAC-based feedback divider. Use Value: ±4% output tolerance and 1.23 V reference enable accurate, repeatable voltage setting without calibration. |
Use Scenario: Generating −5 V or −12 V from +12 V or +24 V input for op-amp biasing or RS-232 interfaces. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Inverting buck-boost configuration using ground-referenced feedback and bootstrapped GND pin. Use Value: Leverages same IC footprint and layout as buck mode; supports bidirectional voltage conversion without extra controller IC. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar step-down regulator applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM2591HV-ADJ | Same silicon, TO-220-5 (NDH) package; higher RθJA (50°C/W vs. 50°C/W on 4-layer board but different thermal path); no LF16 suffix indicating tape-and-reel packaging variant. | Preferred for through-hole prototyping or lower-volume manual assembly; lacks DDPAK's thermal pad soldering requirement. | Select LM2591HV-ADJ when board-level thermal management favors through-hole mounting or when tape-and-reel is not required. |
| LM2596-ADJ | Lower 40-V max input, 150-kHz frequency, 3-A output; different internal switch saturation and thermal characteristics; TO-220-5 and TO-263-5 packages available. | Better suited for 12–24 V systems needing higher current; not rated for >40 V input, making it unsuitable for 48-V industrial or telecom applications. | Choose LM2596-ADJ only if input voltage stays below 40 V and 3-A output is required - not a drop-in replacement for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16. |
Compared with LM2591HV-ADJ and LM2596-ADJ, LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 uniquely combines 60-V input capability, 1-A output, and DDPAK thermal performance in a production-ready tape-and-reel format - critical for high-reliability 48-V industrial power rails where input transients exceed 40 V.
Availability
LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for industrial power conversion, automotive aftermarket electronics, and programmable lab supplies requiring stable component supply and long-term manufacturability.
Supply support for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader specializing in analog, embedded processing, and power management ICs, with decades of expertise in high-reliability power conversion solutions.
The LM2591HV series was designed for rugged, high-input-voltage DC-DC conversion in industrial, telecom, and transportation systems - emphasizing simplicity, thermal robustness, and minimal external component count.
FAQ
What is the maximum input voltage rating for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16?
The LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 has an absolute maximum input voltage rating of 63 V, with recommended operating range from 4.5 V to 60 V. Exceeding 60 V in normal operation risks violating recommended conditions, though the 63-V limit provides margin against transients. This makes LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 suitable for 48-V industrial bus and heavy-duty vehicle applications where input spikes occur.
How does the feedback pin (FB) function in LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16?
The feedback pin of LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 senses output voltage via an external resistor divider and regulates to a precise 1.23 V reference. Its bias current is only 10–50 nA, minimizing divider resistor power loss. For VIN > 40 V, TI recommends adding a Schottky diode from FB to ground to clamp negative transients caused by feedforward capacitor discharge during output short-circuit events - a design detail specific to LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16's high-voltage operation.
Can LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 be used in positive-to-negative converter topologies?
Yes, LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 supports positive-to-negative conversion by reconfiguring the ground and feedback connections per Figure 25 in the datasheet. In this inverting buck-boost mode, the regulator's ground pin floats at the negative output voltage while the feedback pin remains grounded. LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16's 60-V input rating allows safe operation when |VIN| + |VOUT| ≤ 60 V - e.g., generating −12 V from +24 V input.
What thermal performance can be expected from LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 in DDPAK package?
LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 in the KTT (DDPAK/TO-263-5) package has a junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (RθJA) of 50°C/W on a standard 4-layer JEDEC board. Its junction-to-case (top) resistance is only 2°C/W, enabling effective heat transfer to an external copper pour or heatsink. This thermal profile supports 1-A continuous output at ambient temperatures up to 85°C without forced airflow - a key advantage over TO-220 variants in space-constrained designs.
Does LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 require external compensation components?
No, LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 features fully internal frequency compensation, eliminating the need for external compensation networks. This simplifies design and improves consistency across units and temperatures. The internal compensation is optimized for standard buck configurations using typical inductor values (e.g., 68 µH) and low-ESR output capacitors - verified in TI's test circuits for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 across its full operating range.
LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Series:
- SIMPLE SWITCHER®
- Package/Case:
- TO-220-5 Formed Leads
- Packaging:
- Tube
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Function:
- Step-Down
- Output Configuration:
- Positive
- Topology:
- Buck
- Output Type:
- Adjustable
- Number of Outputs:
- 1
- Voltage - Input (Min):
- 4.5V
- Voltage - Input (Max):
- 60V
- Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):
- 1.2V
- Voltage - Output (Max):
- 57V
- Current - Output:
- 1A
- Frequency - Switching:
- 150kHz
- Synchronous Rectifier:
- No
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 125°C (TJ)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Through Hole
- Supplier Device Package:
- TO-220-5
LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 FAQ
1.How can I place an order for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 reliable?
The price and inventory of LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16?
LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16?
For technical support, including LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16?
All LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16 part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for LM2591HVT-ADJ/LF16:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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