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Texas Instruments LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB
- Part No.:
- LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Package:
- TO-220-5 Formed Leads
- Datasheet:
-
LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB.pdf
- Description:
- IC REG BUCK ADJ 1A TO220-5
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:320
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Product details
Overview
LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB from Texas Instruments is a monolithic nonsynchronous step-down DC-DC converter IC designed for high-input-voltage industrial and automotive power supplies. It delivers up to 1 A output current with adjustable output voltage (1.2 V to 57 V), operates from 4.5 V to 60 V input, features 150-kHz fixed-frequency switching, and includes ON/OFF control with 90-μA standby current.
For engineers reviewing the LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB datasheet, LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB pinout, LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB application, or LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB equivalent, key selection criteria include input voltage range up to 60 V, ±4% output voltage tolerance over line/load/temperature, internal current limiting (1.2–3.0 A peak), thermal shutdown protection, and compatibility with standard 5-pin TO-220 and DDPAK packages.
Technical Context
The LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB implements a buck topology using an internal NPN transistor switch, fixed-frequency 150-kHz oscillator, and voltage-mode feedback control referenced to a 1.23-V internal bandgap. Its feedback pin senses output via external resistor divider, enabling precise output programming across 1.2 V–57 V while maintaining ±4% regulation accuracy under full load and temperature range (−40°C to +125°C).
It integrates undervoltage lockout, thermal shutdown, and two-stage current limiting-first stage provides soft current limit at ~1.9 A typical, second stage triggers foldback at ~2.8 A peak. Standby mode is activated by pulling the ON/OFF pin ≥2 V, reducing quiescent current to 90 μA typical without disabling bias circuitry.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Input Voltage Range | 4.5 V to 60 V - supports wide-range industrial inputs including 24 V, 36 V, and 48 V nominal rails without pre-regulation. |
| Output Current | 1 A continuous - sufficient for powering microcontrollers, sensors, and analog front-ends in embedded systems. |
| Switching Frequency | 150 kHz (±15%) - enables use of compact, low-cost inductors and electrolytic capacitors while minimizing EMI concerns. |
| Feedback Reference | 1.23 V ±2.7% - sets output voltage via external resistive divider; enables accurate 1.2 V–57 V adjustment with minimal component count. |
| Quiescent Current | 90 μA in shutdown - reduces system standby power consumption significantly in battery-backed or energy-sensitive applications. |
| Current Limit | 1.2 A min / 2.8 A max peak - protects against short-circuit and overload conditions while allowing transient surge handling. |
| Thermal Shutdown | Activates at 150°C junction temperature - prevents permanent damage during sustained overload or poor heatsinking. |
Pinout & Package
LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB is supplied in a 5-pin TO-220 package (NDH) with standard through-hole mounting and integral heat sink tab. The package measures 14.986 mm × 10.16 mm and features exposed metal on the backside for thermal conduction to PCB copper or external heatsink.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1: +VIN | Power Input | Accepts 4.5–60 V DC; requires local 470-μF low-ESR aluminum electrolytic bypass capacitor to suppress switching transients and supply peak inductor current. |
| 2: Output | Switch Node | Internal NPN collector node; swings between ≈(+VIN − 1.2 V) and ≈−0.5 V; connects directly to catch diode anode and inductor. |
| 3: Ground | Power & Signal Reference | Common return path for input capacitor, output capacitor, feedback network, and ON/OFF pull-down; must be low-impedance connection. |
| 4: Feedback | Voltage Sense Input | High-impedance (≤50 nA bias) node referenced to 1.23 V; connected to resistor divider from output to set regulated voltage; sensitive to negative spikes above 40 V input. |
| 5: ON/OFF | Enable Control | Logic-level shutdown input; device active when ≤0.6 V or floating; disabled when ≥2 V; threshold is 1.3 V typical; max rating 25 V. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Wide Input Range (4.5–60 V) | Eliminates need for external pre-regulators in 24 V/36 V/48 V industrial systems and simplifies design for automotive cold-crank scenarios. |
| Adjustable Output (1.2–57 V) | Supports diverse downstream rail requirements-from low-voltage logic (1.8 V, 3.3 V) to high-voltage analog (±15 V, 24 V, 48 V) - with single BOM item. |
| Integrated Protection | Combines thermal shutdown, two-stage current limiting, and undervoltage lockout to ensure robust operation under fault conditions without external circuitry. |
| Fixed 150-kHz Switching | Enables predictable EMI filtering, consistent inductor sizing, and simplified layout versus variable-frequency alternatives. |
| Low Standby Current (90 μA) | Extends battery life in always-on monitoring systems and meets ultra-low-power requirements for IoT edge nodes. |
Applications
| Industrial PLC Power Supply | Automotive Body Control Module |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Converts 24 V vehicle battery or 48 V industrial bus to stable 5 V or 3.3 V for MCU and CAN transceivers. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary buck regulator providing isolated, regulated DC power with fast transient response to load steps from solenoid actuation. Use Value: Withstands 60 V max input and cold-crank dips down to 4.5 V; ±4% output tolerance ensures reliable digital logic operation across temperature. |
Use Scenario: Powers microcontroller, EEPROM, and sensor interface circuits in door modules, seat controllers, and lighting ECUs. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: High-reliability DC-DC converter delivering 1 A at 5 V or adjustable rail, controlled via microcontroller GPIO through ON/OFF pin. Use Value: 90-μA shutdown current extends sleep-mode battery life; thermal shutdown prevents failure during enclosure overheating. |
| Telecom Remote Radio Unit | Test Equipment Auxiliary Supply |
|
Use Scenario: Generates +12 V or +24 V from 48 V telecom rectifier output to power RF amplifiers and bias circuits. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Pre-regulator stepping down 48 V to intermediate rail before LDO post-regulation; operates continuously at full load. Use Value: 150-kHz switching allows small 68-μH inductor; efficiency >76% at 12 V out minimizes heat dissipation in sealed enclosures. |
Use Scenario: Provides user-configurable auxiliary voltage (e.g., ±15 V, +24 V) in benchtop power analyzers and signal generators. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Adjustable-output buck converter enabling flexible test fixture power without redesigning power architecture. Use Value: 1.2–57 V output range covers common analog supply needs; ±4% regulation ensures measurement accuracy stability. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar step-down regulator applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM2596HV-ADJ/NOPB | Higher 3-A output current, 150-kHz frequency, but larger TO-220-5 package footprint and higher minimum input voltage (7 V). | Better suited for higher-current loads (>1 A); less suitable for low-input-voltage operation below 7 V. | Select when >1 A output is required and board space allows larger thermal pad; not drop-in due to different current-sense and compensation behavior. |
| LM5009AMM/NOPB | 120-V input rating, 2.5-A output, 1-MHz switching, smaller 8-pin SO PowerPAD package; no integrated catch diode. | Designed for ultra-high-input-voltage applications (e.g., PoE++, solar MPPT); requires external diode and more complex layout. | Choose for >60 V input or space-constrained designs needing higher frequency; not functionally identical due to different topology and pinout. |
Compared with LM2596HV-ADJ/NOPB and LM5009AMM/NOPB, the LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB offers optimal balance of 60-V input capability, 1-A output, TO-220 thermal performance, and minimal external component count - making it ideal for cost-sensitive, thermally demanding industrial buck converters where 1 A suffices.
Availability
LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for industrial automation, automotive body electronics, and telecom infrastructure requiring stable component supply, long-term manufacturability, and proven thermal reliability in TO-220 packages.
Supply support for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader specializing in analog, embedded processing, and power management technologies, with decades of expertise in high-reliability power conversion ICs.
The LM2591HV series was engineered for rugged, high-input-voltage DC-DC conversion in industrial, automotive, and telecom equipment - prioritizing simplicity, thermal robustness, and wide operating range over ultra-high efficiency or miniaturization.
FAQ
What is the maximum input voltage supported by the LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB?
The LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB supports a maximum input voltage of 60 V, with absolute maximum rating at 63 V. Operation beyond 60 V risks exceeding safe operating area limits and triggering thermal shutdown or permanent damage. For reliable long-term use, maintain input within 4.5 V to 60 V per datasheet specifications.
Can the LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB be used to generate negative output voltages?
Yes, the LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB can be configured as a positive-to-negative inverting regulator using the topology shown in TI's Application Note AN-1157. In this configuration, the ground pin is bootstrapped to the negative output, and the feedback pin is referenced to system ground. The LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB maintains regulation but requires additional diodes and careful layout to manage voltage stress and stability.
What is the purpose of the feedforward capacitor (CFF) in LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB designs?
The feedforward capacitor (CFF) across the upper feedback resistor improves loop phase margin and stability when output voltage exceeds 10 V or when low-ESR output capacitors are used. It adds lead compensation to counteract phase lag from output filter poles. For LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB, CFF values above 0.1 μF are discouraged, and a Schottky clamp diode is recommended if input voltage exceeds 40 V to protect the feedback pin from negative spikes.
Does the LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB require an external catch diode, and what type is recommended?
Yes, the LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB requires an external catch diode connected between the Output pin and ground. A 2-A, 60-V Schottky diode (e.g., 21DQ06) is recommended for best efficiency and fast recovery, especially at output voltages ≤5 V. Fast recovery diodes may be used for higher input voltages, but ultra-fast types with abrupt turnoff can induce EMI or instability.
How does the ON/OFF pin function in the LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB, and what voltage levels activate shutdown?
The ON/OFF pin on the LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB controls device enable state: the regulator operates normally when the pin is floating or pulled ≤0.6 V (logic low); it enters shutdown mode drawing 90 μA typical when the pin is driven ≥2 V (logic high). The threshold is typically 1.3 V, and the pin must never exceed 25 V to avoid damage. A pull-down resistor is recommended for deterministic startup behavior.
LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Series:
- SIMPLE SWITCHER®
- Package/Case:
- TO-220-5 Formed Leads
- Packaging:
- Tube
- Product Status:
- Active
- Function:
- Step-Down
- Output Configuration:
- Positive
- Topology:
- Buck
- Output Type:
- Adjustable
- Number of Outputs:
- 1
- Voltage - Input (Min):
- 4.5V
- Voltage - Input (Max):
- 60V
- Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):
- 1.2V
- Voltage - Output (Max):
- 57V
- Current - Output:
- 1A
- Frequency - Switching:
- 150kHz
- Synchronous Rectifier:
- No
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 125°C (TJ)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Through Hole
- Supplier Device Package:
- TO-220-5
LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB FAQ
1.How can I place an order for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB reliable?
The price and inventory of LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB?
LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB?
For technical support, including LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB?
All LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for LM2591HVT-ADJ/NOPB:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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