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Home > Products > Integrated Circuits (ICs) > Linear > Instrumentation, Op Amps, Buffer Amps

STMicroelectronics LM324D

Name: LM324D
Brand: STMicroelectronics
SKU: LM324D
Price: 2.40 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (2 reviews)

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Part No.:: LM324D

Manufacturer:: STMicroelectronics

Category:: Instrumentation, Op Amps, Buffer Amps

Package:: 14-SOIC (0.154", 3.90mm Width)

Datasheet:: LM324D.pdf

Description:: IC OPAMP GP 4 CIRCUIT 14SO

Quantity:: RFQ Add To RFQ list

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Product details

Overview

LM324D from STMicroelectronics is a low-power quad operational amplifier in SO14 package, designed for single-supply operation from 3 V to 30 V (or ±1.5 V to ±15 V dual supply). It delivers 1.3 MHz gain bandwidth, 100 dB large-signal voltage gain, and rail-to-rail input common-mode range including ground - enabling precision signal conditioning in industrial sensor interfaces and 24 V PLC analog front-ends.

For engineers reviewing the LM324D datasheet, LM324D pinout, LM324D application, or LM324D equivalent, key selection criteria include its 375 µA/amplifier supply current, 20 nA input bias current, 3 mV max input offset voltage (LM324A variant), wide common-mode input range (0 V to V_CC–1.5 V), and robust ±16 V/32 V absolute maximum supply rating.

Technical Context

The LM324D implements internally compensated voltage-feedback op-amp architecture with PNP input stage, enabling true ground-sensing capability and stable unity-gain operation. Its input stage allows common-mode voltages down to 0 V on single supply, while output swing reaches within ~1.5 V of rails under load.

It features four independent amplifiers sharing one substrate, with channel separation >120 dB at 1 kHz, and thermal resistance of 103 °C/W (SO14) ensuring reliable operation up to 70 °C ambient. No external frequency compensation is required due to built-in dominant-pole design.

Key Specifications

Parameter	Value and Actual Design Meaning
Gain bandwidth product	1.3 MHz - supports stable closed-loop gain ≥10 at 100 kHz for anti-aliasing or sensor signal filtering.
Input offset voltage (max)	3 mV (LM324A grade) - enables ≤0.3% error in 1 V full-scale DC measurement without trimming.
Supply current per amplifier	375 µA - allows 4-channel analog signal conditioning in battery-powered IoT nodes with <1.5 mA total quiescent draw.
Input bias current (typ)	20 nA - permits use with high-impedance sources (e.g., pH electrodes, piezoresistive sensors) without significant voltage error.
Common-mode input range	0 V to V_CC–1.5 V - supports direct interfacing to 0–5 V or 0–24 V industrial sensors without level-shifting circuitry.
Output current (sink/source)	±40 mA - drives 100 Ω loads directly (e.g., LED indicators, small relays) without external buffers.
Large-signal voltage gain	100 dB - ensures ≤0.001% nonlinear distortion in precision instrumentation amplifier configurations.

Pinout & Package

LM324D is supplied in SO14 (Small Outline 14-pin) package, 8.55–8.75 mm body length, 3.80–4.00 mm width, 1.27 mm lead pitch, with gull-wing leads and standard JEDEC MO-012AC footprint.

Pin/Terminal	Circuit Role	Design Meaning
1	Inverting input (AMP1)	Accepts differential input signal; referenced to non-inverting input (pin 2) for inverting amplifier configuration.
2	Non-inverting input (AMP1)	Reference node for AMP1; supports unity-gain buffer or non-inverting gain stages.
3	Output (AMP1)	Amplified output of first op-amp; capable of sourcing/sinking up to ±40 mA into resistive loads.
4	V_CC– (GND for single supply)	Power return path; must be low-impedance connection to minimize noise coupling between channels.
5	Inverting input (AMP2)	Second amplifier's inverting node; electrically isolated but thermally coupled to other amps on same die.
6	Non-inverting input (AMP2)	Independent reference for AMP2; used in dual-channel sensor signal conditioning (e.g., differential pair + reference buffer).
7	Output (AMP2)	Second channel output; shares V_CC+/V_CC– rails with other amps - requires layout isolation to prevent crosstalk.
8	V_CC+	Positive supply rail; accepts 3–30 V single supply or +1.5 to +15 V in dual-supply mode.
9	Inverting input (AMP3)	Third amplifier input; suitable for active filter stage or comparator hysteresis generation.
10	Non-inverting input (AMP3)	Configurable reference point for AMP3; often tied to mid-rail voltage in single-supply applications.
11	Output (AMP3)	Drives third signal path; output short-circuit protected but requires heatsinking if sustained >20 mA sink current.
12	Inverting input (AMP4)	Final amplifier input; commonly used for summing junction or error amplifier in power supply feedback loops.
13	Non-inverting input (AMP4)	Stable reference node for fourth channel; critical for maintaining CMRR in multi-stage instrumentation designs.
14	Output (AMP4)	Fourth output; supports independent signal routing; channel separation >120 dB prevents inter-channel interference below 20 kHz.

Key Features

Feature	Design Value
Single-supply operation	Operates from 3 V to 30 V with input common-mode range extending to ground - eliminates need for split supplies in 12/24 V industrial systems.
Low input bias current	20 nA typical - minimizes voltage drop across high-impedance sensor elements (e.g., thermistors, photodiodes) and preserves signal integrity.
Rail-to-rail input capability	Input common-mode range includes 0 V - enables direct interface to unipolar transducer outputs without external level shifters.
Internal frequency compensation	Unity-gain stable without external components - reduces BOM count and PCB area in cost-sensitive consumer and industrial designs.
High channel separation	>120 dB at 1 kHz - prevents signal leakage between amplifier channels in multi-function analog signal chains (e.g., data acquisition modules).

Applications

Industrial Sensor Signal Conditioning

PLC Analog Input Module

Use Scenario: Amplifying low-level mV outputs from RTDs, strain gauges, or pressure transducers in factory-floor environments with 0–24 V supply rails.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Quad op-amp provides simultaneous instrumentation amplifier front-end (AMP1/AMP2), reference buffer (AMP3), and output driver (AMP4) in single IC.

Use Value: Eliminates four discrete op-amps and associated passive components, reducing board space by 65% and improving thermal tracking between matched channels.

Use Scenario: Converting 4–20 mA current-loop signals to 0–5 V or 0–10 V voltage levels for ADC interfacing in programmable logic controllers.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Configured as precision I-to-V converter (AMP1), active low-pass filter (AMP2), level shifter (AMP3), and output buffer (AMP4).

Use Value: Achieves <0.1% gain error over 0–70 °C using LM324A-grade offset specs, meeting IEC 61000-4-4 surge immunity requirements without calibration.

DC Motor Current Sensing

Consumer Appliance Control Board

Use Scenario: Measuring bidirectional motor current via shunt resistor in 12 V/24 V brushed DC motor drives with H-bridge control.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: AMP1/AMP2 form high-common-mode-rejection difference amplifier; AMP3 offsets output to 2.5 V mid-rail; AMP4 drives ADC input.

Use Value: Supports ±5 A sensing with 50 mΩ shunt and <100 µV/V offset drift, enabling accurate torque estimation and overcurrent protection.

Use Scenario: Implementing temperature compensation, fan speed control, and user-interface LED drivers in washing machines or HVAC controllers.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: AMP1 monitors NTC thermistor; AMP2 conditions compressor voltage feedback; AMP3 drives triac gate; AMP4 controls display backlight PWM.

Use Value: Integrates four analog functions in one SO14 package, cutting assembly cost by $0.18/unit and simplifying IPC-A-610 Class 2 rework procedures.

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar quad operational amplifier applications.

Alternative Part	Technical Difference	Application Difference	Selection Advice
LM324PT (TSSOP14)	Same electrical specs, 33% smaller footprint (5.0 × 6.4 mm vs. 8.7 × 4.0 mm), higher thermal resistance (100 °C/W vs. 103 °C/W).	Better suited for space-constrained PCBs where thermal margin >15 °C exists; not recommended for >50 °C ambient without derating.	Select when board area is premium and thermal management is controlled via copper pour or airflow.
TSB572IDT	36 V supply range, 1.8 MHz GBW, 0.5 mV V_io, 120 µA/amplifier - superior accuracy and lower power, but automotive-qualified (AEC-Q100 Grade 1).	Required for automotive body electronics or industrial systems needing enhanced ESD (2 kV HBM) and extended temp range (–40 to 125 °C).	Choose for next-generation designs demanding higher precision, lower power, or automotive compliance - with awareness of $0.32 higher unit cost.

Compared with LM324D, LM324PT saves board space but offers no electrical improvement, while TSB572IDT delivers measurable gains in offset, bandwidth, and supply range - justifying its use where performance or qualification requirements exceed legacy LM324 capabilities.

Availability

LM324D is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for industrial sensor interfaces, PLC analog input modules, and DC motor current sensing requiring stable component supply across long-lifecycle manufacturing programs.

Supply support for LM324D includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

STMicroelectronics is a global semiconductor leader headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, designing and manufacturing microcontrollers, power management ICs, analog chips, and MEMS sensors for industrial, automotive, and consumer markets.

The LM324x series belongs to ST's general-purpose analog portfolio, engineered specifically for cost-sensitive, high-volume industrial control and automation applications where reliability, wide supply range, and ground-sensing capability are essential.

FAQ

What is the maximum operating temperature for LM324D?

The LM324D is rated for 0 °C to 70 °C ambient operating temperature (commercial grade). Its absolute maximum junction temperature is 150 °C, and with SO14 thermal resistance of 103 °C/W, it supports continuous operation at full 4-channel load up to 60 °C ambient when mounted on 1 oz copper with 1 in² thermal pad.

Can LM324D drive capacitive loads directly?

LM324D is not optimized for heavy capacitive loads: stability degrades beyond 100 pF without isolation resistance. For driving >1 nF loads (e.g., ADC sample capacitors), add a 10–100 Ω series resistor between output and capacitor. The internal compensation ensures unity-gain stability only with purely resistive or lightly reactive loads.

Does LM324D have rail-to-rail output capability?

No - LM324D output swings within ~1.5 V of each rail (e.g., 1.5 V to 28.5 V on 30 V supply). It does not reach the positive or negative supply rails. For true rail-to-rail output, consider ST's TS912 or TSV914 families, which specify 50 mV from rails under 600 Ω load.

Is LM324D pin-compatible with LM324N or LM324AN?

Yes - all LM324x variants (including D, N, AN, PT, QT) share identical SO14, PDIP14, TSSOP14, and QFN16 pinouts per Figure 1 of DS0985 Rev 8. The suffix denotes package type and performance grade (e.g., 'A' = improved V_io, 'W' = enhanced ESD), not pin assignment changes.

LM324D Specifications

Product attributes: Attribute value

Manufacturer:: STMicroelectronics

Series:: -

Package/Case:: 14-SOIC (0.154", 3.90mm Width)

Packaging:: Tube

Product Status:: Active

Amplifier Type:: General Purpose

Number of Circuits:: 4

Output Type:: -

Slew Rate:: 0.4V/µs

Gain Bandwidth Product:: 1.2 MHz

-3db Bandwidth:: -

Current - Input Bias:: 20 nA

Voltage - Input Offset:: 2 mV

Current - Supply:: 1.5mA

Current - Output / Channel:: 40 mA

Voltage - Supply Span (Min):: 3 V

Voltage - Supply Span (Max):: 30 V

Operating Temperature:: 0°C ~ 70°C

Grade:: -

Qualification:: -

Mounting Type:: Surface Mount

Supplier Device Package:: 14-SO

LM324D FAQ

1.How can I place an order for LM324D through Aetrix?

Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for LM324D on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.

2.Are the price and stock information for LM324D reliable?

The price and inventory of LM324D are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for LM324D is usually 5 days.

3.What payment methods are accepted for LM324D?

We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for LM324D transactions.

Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.

4.How is shipping managed for LM324D?

LM324D orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.

Once your LM324D order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.

Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.

5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for LM324D?

For technical support, including LM324D datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your LM324D requirements.

6.How does Aetrix verify that LM324D is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?

All LM324D products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that LM324D meets industry standards.

7.What is the process for return or replacement of LM324D?

All LM324D units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with LM324D, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:

1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.

2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.

3.The LM324D part is unused and in its original packaging.

Return procedure for LM324D:

1.Submit a request within 90 days.

2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.

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