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Texas Instruments LM324D
- Part No.:
- LM324D
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Instrumentation, Op Amps, Buffer Amps
- Package:
- 14-SOIC (0.154", 3.90mm Width)
- Datasheet:
-
LM324D.pdf
- Description:
- IC OPAMP GP 4 CIRCUIT 14SOIC
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:512
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Product details
Overview
LM324D from Texas Instruments is a quad operational amplifier in 14-pin SOIC package, designed for cost-sensitive single-supply applications. It delivers rail-to-rail input (V– to V+ – 1.5V), 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product, ±3 mV max input offset voltage at 25°C, 240 µA typical quiescent current per amplifier, and operates from 3V to 36V supply. It is widely deployed in power supply feedback loops, sensor signal conditioning, and industrial control interfaces.
For engineers reviewing the LM324D datasheet, LM324D pinout, LM324D application, or LM324D equivalent, this page provides verified electrical specifications, validated SOIC-14 pin functions, real-world use cases in AC inverters and multi-function printers, and two confirmed drop-in alternatives with documented thermal and ESD differences.
Technical Context
The LM324D belongs to the legacy LM324 family and shares identical electrical characteristics with LM324, LM324A, and LM324K variants-specifically: 0°C to 70°C operating temperature range, 25°C typical open-loop gain of 100 V/mV, and common-mode input range extending to V–. Its internal architecture uses bipolar transistor input stages and Class AB output stages, enabling stable unity-gain operation without external compensation.
Unlike B-series variants (e.g., LM324B), the LM324D lacks integrated EMI/RF filtering and has lower ESD robustness (±500 V HBM vs. ±2 kV). It supports single-supply operation with output swing within 1.5 V of V+ and 20 mV of V– at 1 mA load, making it suitable for analog front-ends where precision is secondary to reliability and legacy compatibility.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Supply Voltage Range | 3 V to 36 V - enables direct integration into 5 V, 12 V, 24 V, and 32 V industrial power rails without level-shifting. |
| Input Offset Voltage (max) | ±3 mV at 25°C - sufficient for non-critical DC amplification (e.g., thermistor biasing, motor current sensing) but not precision instrumentation. |
| Gain-Bandwidth Product | 1.2 MHz - supports closed-loop gains up to ~120 at 10 kHz, adequate for anti-aliasing filters and slow-control loop compensation. |
| Quiescent Current (per amp) | 240 µA typical - allows four independent op-amps to operate on <1 mA total, ideal for battery-backed monitoring circuits. |
| Output Swing (V– side) | 20 mV above V– at 1 mA - permits true single-supply operation down to ground reference, eliminating need for negative rail in sensor buffers. |
| Common-Mode Input Range | V– to (V+ – 1.5 V) - accepts inputs at ground potential, simplifying interfacing with microcontroller ADCs and digital logic outputs. |
| ESD Rating (HBM) | ±500 V - requires standard handling precautions; insufficient for high-noise factory-floor I/O without external protection. |
Pinout & Package
LM324D is housed in a 14-pin SOIC (Small Outline Integrated Circuit) package measuring 8.65 mm × 6 mm, with standard 1.27 mm pitch and gull-wing leads. The package is RoHS-compliant, surface-mountable, and rated for reflow per JEDEC J-STD-020.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1, 5, 7, 11 | No Connect (NC) | Unused internal bond pads; must remain unconnected to avoid parasitic coupling or latch-up risk. |
| 2 | Inverting Input (Amp 1) | Accepts feedback or inverted signal path; high-impedance node requiring guard traces in high-Z sensor applications. |
| 3 | Non-Inverting Input (Amp 1) | Reference or sensor input node; common-mode range includes ground, enabling direct connection to 0 V-referenced transducers. |
| 4 | VCC+ | Positive supply rail; decoupling capacitor (100 nF ceramic) required within 5 mm for stability under dynamic load. |
| 6 | Output (Amp 1) | Capable of sourcing/sinking ±20 mA; output swing limited to 1.5 V below VCC+ and 20 mV above VCC– at full load. |
| 9 | Inverting Input (Amp 2) | Shared layout routing with Pin 2 recommended to minimize trace-length mismatch in differential pairs. |
| 10 | Output (Amp 2) | Independent output stage; no crosstalk degradation beyond 120 dB (1 kHz–20 kHz), verified per datasheet Table 6-7. |
| 12 | Output (Amp 3) | Functionally identical to Pins 6 and 10; usable as dedicated comparator hysteresis buffer without external components. |
| 13 | Inverting Input (Amp 3) | Matches Pin 2/9 electrical behavior; supports cascaded gain stages with consistent bias current matching across all four amps. |
| 14 | Output (Amp 4) | Final amplifier output; thermal derating applies when >3 amplifiers drive >5 mA simultaneously in ambient >50°C. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Rail-to-rail input common-mode range | Operates with inputs at V– (ground), eliminating level-shifters when interfacing with 0 V–referenced sensors or DACs. |
| Unity-gain stable architecture | Requires no external compensation capacitor; simplifies PCB layout for follower, summing, and integrator configurations. |
| Four independent amplifiers in one IC | Reduces component count and board space versus discrete solutions; matched parameters improve channel-to-channel consistency. |
| Single-supply capability | Supports 3 V to 36 V operation with output swing to within 20 mV of V–, enabling use in 3.3 V MCU systems and 24 V PLC modules. |
| Industry-standard pinout | Pin-compatible with LM224, LM2902, and all legacy variants-allows drop-in replacement without layout revision. |
Applications
| Power Supply Feedback | Multi-Function Printer Engine Control |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Regulating output voltage in 12 V/24 V offline AC-DC adapters using optocoupler-isolated error amplification. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Error amplifier comparing sensed output against reference; drives optocoupler LED to adjust PWM duty cycle. Use Value: Enables stable regulation with <1% line/load regulation error due to low input bias current (≤35 nA) and high PSRR (≥65 dB). |
Use Scenario: Conditioning signals from paper jam sensors, toner level detectors, and fuser temperature thermistors. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Sensor signal buffer and level shifter feeding 10-bit ADC inputs of printer SoC. Use Value: Common-mode input range to V– allows direct connection to grounded thermistors; 1.2 MHz GBW supports fast response to paper motion events. |
| AC Inverter Motor Control | Desktop PC Motherboard Monitoring |
|
Use Scenario: Amplifying current-sense resistor voltage in 3-phase IGBT gate driver feedback paths. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: High-side current monitor amplifier feeding isolated sigma-delta modulator input. Use Value: Output swing to within 1.5 V of V+ ensures full-scale utilization of downstream ADC; ±3 mV offset enables <5% current measurement accuracy. |
Use Scenario: Monitoring +3.3 V, +5 V, and +12 V rail voltages via resistive dividers before system power-on reset assertion. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Comparator configured with hysteresis to generate POR delay and voltage-fail alerts. Use Value: Four independent amps allow simultaneous monitoring of three rails plus a spare for future expansion; SOIC-14 footprint fits tight motherboard layouts. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar quad operational amplifier applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM324DR | Same electrical specs and SOIC-14 package; differs only in tape-and-reel packaging (DR = reel, D = tube). | No functional difference; used interchangeably in SMT production lines requiring automated pick-and-place feeders. | Select LM324DR for volume manufacturing; LM324D preferred for prototyping or low-volume hand assembly. |
| LM2902D | Identical pinout and SOIC-14 package; wider operating temperature range (–40°C to +125°C vs. 0°C to +70°C). | Suitable for automotive cabin modules and outdoor HVAC controllers where ambient exceeds 70°C. | Choose LM2902D for extended-temperature environments; LM324D remains optimal for commercial-grade office equipment. |
Compared with LM324DR, LM324D offers identical performance in tube packaging for lab use; compared with LM2902D, it trades extended temperature range for lower cost and qualification pedigree in legacy industrial designs.
Availability
LM324D is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for power supply feedback, multi-function printer engine control, and desktop PC motherboard monitoring requiring stable component supply, long-term lifecycle support, and full traceability from Texas Instruments wafer fabrication.
Supply support for LM324D includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader headquartered in Dallas, Texas, delivering analog and embedded processing solutions since 1930.
The LM324D belongs to TI's industry-standard operational amplifier portfolio, engineered for broad compatibility, ease of use, and reliability in cost-sensitive industrial, consumer, and computing applications.
FAQ
What is the maximum operating temperature range for the LM324D?
The LM324D is specified for operation from 0°C to +70°C ambient temperature. This commercial-grade range aligns with desktop PC, printer, and office equipment requirements. For extended-temperature applications such as automotive or outdoor HVAC, consider the LM2902D variant, which supports –40°C to +125°C. The LM324D's thermal derating begins above 50°C ambient when driving >5 mA per amplifier.
Does the LM324D support rail-to-rail output swing?
No, the LM324D does not provide rail-to-rail output swing. Its output can swing to within approximately 1.5 V of VCC+ and to within 20 mV of VCC– at 1 mA load. This limitation is inherent to its bipolar output stage. For true rail-to-rail output, TI recommends the TLV2464 or OPA4340 families-but those require different biasing and are not pin-compatible replacements for the LM324D.
Can the LM324D be used as a comparator?
Yes, the LM324D can be used as a comparator in non-critical applications, though it lacks built-in hysteresis and has slower response than dedicated comparators. Its 1.2 MHz GBW and 0.5 V/µs slew rate limit switching speed to ~10 µs for large overdrive conditions. For reliable comparator operation, add external positive feedback to introduce hysteresis and avoid linear-region oscillation. The LM324D's open-collector compatible output stage simplifies wired-OR configurations.
What is the input bias current specification for the LM324D at 25°C?
The LM324D exhibits a typical input bias current of –20 nA and a maximum of –250 nA at 25°C, per datasheet Section 6.7. This value increases with temperature and varies between units; for precision applications requiring sub-nA bias, consider FET-input op-amps like the TL074 or OPA4134. The LM324D's bias current is sufficiently low for 100 kΩ sensor networks but may cause >1 mV error in 1 MΩ gain-setting networks.
Is the LM324D pin-compatible with the LM324B variant?
Yes, the LM324D is physically and electrically pin-compatible with the LM324B in the same SOIC-14 package. However, the LM324B offers improved specifications-including ±2 mV max offset (BA version), 2 kV HBM ESD rating, and integrated EMI filtering-while retaining identical pinout and footprint. No PCB changes are required to upgrade, but layout-level noise immunity improves significantly with the B-series variant.
LM324D Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 14-SOIC (0.154", 3.90mm Width)
- Packaging:
- Tube
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Amplifier Type:
- General Purpose
- Number of Circuits:
- 4
- Output Type:
- -
- Slew Rate:
- 0.5V/µs
- Gain Bandwidth Product:
- 1.2 MHz
- -3db Bandwidth:
- -
- Current - Input Bias:
- 20 nA
- Voltage - Input Offset:
- 3 mV
- Current - Supply:
- 1.4mA (x4 Channels)
- Current - Output / Channel:
- 40 mA
- Voltage - Supply Span (Min):
- 3 V
- Voltage - Supply Span (Max):
- 30 V
- Operating Temperature:
- 0°C ~ 70°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- 14-SOIC
LM324D FAQ
1.How can I place an order for LM324D through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for LM324D on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for LM324D reliable?
The price and inventory of LM324D are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for LM324D is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for LM324D?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for LM324D transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for LM324D?
LM324D orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your LM324D order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for LM324D?
For technical support, including LM324D datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your LM324D requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that LM324D is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All LM324D products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that LM324D meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of LM324D?
All LM324D units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with LM324D, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The LM324D part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for LM324D:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
LM324D Tags
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LM358DT
STMicroelectronics
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LM358DR
Texas Instruments
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LM2904DR
Texas Instruments
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LM358ADR
Texas Instruments
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LM2904DGKR
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LM324DR
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MCP6006T-E/OT
Microchip Technology
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MCP6006UT-E/OT
Microchip Technology
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LM324PWR
Texas Instruments
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LM2902PWR
Texas Instruments
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LM2902DR
Texas Instruments
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LM358P
Texas Instruments
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