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Texas Instruments LM324KD
- Part No.:
- LM324KD
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Instrumentation, Op Amps, Buffer Amps
- Package:
- 14-SOIC (0.154", 3.90mm Width)
- Datasheet:
-
LM324KD.pdf
- Description:
- IC OPAMP GP 4 CIRCUIT 14SOIC
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:2,067
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Product details
Overview
LM324KD from Texas Instruments is a quad operational amplifier in SOIC-14 package, designed for cost-sensitive industrial and consumer applications requiring rail-to-rail input (V– included), 3V to 36V single-supply operation, ±3mV max input offset voltage at 25°C, and 1.2MHz gain-bandwidth product. It serves as a general-purpose signal conditioning and amplification IC in power supply monitoring, sensor interfacing, and analog front-end circuits.
For engineers reviewing the LM324KD datasheet, LM324KD pinout, LM324KD application, or LM324KD equivalent, this page delivers verified electrical specs, validated SOIC-14 pin functions, real-world use cases in AC inverters and multi-function printers, and two confirmed drop-in alternatives with documented parameter differences.
Technical Context
The LM324KD implements four independent high-voltage op-amps in a single monolithic silicon die, each featuring unity-gain stability, common-mode input range extending to V–, and output swing within 1.5V of V+ and 150mV of V– at 1mA load. Its internal architecture supports single-supply operation without level-shifting circuitry.
It integrates EMI/RF filtering and achieves 2kV HBM ESD robustness, enabling direct use in electrically noisy environments like indoor air conditioners and uninterruptible power supplies-without external protection components.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Supply Voltage Range | 3V to 36V - enables direct interface with 5V, 12V, 24V, and 32V industrial rails without regulation |
| Input Offset Voltage (max) | ±3mV at 25°C - ensures ≤3mV DC error in precision DC-coupled gain stages |
| Gain-Bandwidth Product | 1.2MHz - supports stable closed-loop gain up to ~120 at 10kHz for sensor signal amplification |
| Quiescent Current per Amp | 240µA typical - allows four-channel operation under 1mA total, suitable for low-power systems |
| Common-Mode Input Range | V– to (V+) – 1.5V - permits ground-referenced input signals in single-supply configurations |
| Output Swing (V– side) | 150mV above V– at 1mA - enables accurate low-side current sensing with minimal headroom loss |
| ESD Rating (HBM) | 2kV - meets IEC 61000-4-2 Level 2 for handling in standard assembly environments |
Pinout & Package
LM324KD is housed in a 14-pin SOIC (Small Outline Integrated Circuit) package measuring 8.65mm × 6mm, with gull-wing leads and standard JEDEC MS-012AC footprint. The package supports surface-mount reflow and is compatible with IPC-7351B land patterns.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1IN– (Pin 2) | Inverting input of Amp 1 | Accepts feedback or inverted signal path; referenced to local ground or virtual ground |
| 1IN+ (Pin 3) | Non-inverting input of Amp 1 | Accepts reference, sensor, or signal source; supports rail-to-rail common-mode range |
| 1OUT (Pin 1) | Output of Amp 1 | Drives loads up to 1mA within 1.5V of V+ and 150mV of V–; unity-gain stable |
| VCC+ (Pin 4) | Positive supply rail | Connects to highest system voltage (up to 36V); powers all four amplifiers |
| 2IN+ (Pin 5) | Non-inverting input of Amp 2 | Independent channel input; no crosstalk beyond 120dB typical channel separation |
| 2IN– (Pin 6) | Inverting input of Amp 2 | Used for differential or inverting configurations; matched bias current to Pin 5 |
| 2OUT (Pin 7) | Output of Amp 2 | Electrically isolated output node; drives same load capability as Pin 1 |
| VCC– (Pin 11) | Negative supply or ground | Reference node for single-supply operation; must be connected even when tied to GND |
| 3IN– (Pin 9) | Inverting input of Amp 3 | Third amplifier input; identical electrical characteristics to Pins 2 and 6 |
| 3IN+ (Pin 10) | Non-inverting input of Amp 3 | Supports same input voltage range and bias current as other non-inverting inputs |
| 3OUT (Pin 8) | Output of Amp 3 | Provides fourth independent output; shares same thermal and noise performance as others |
| 4IN– (Pin 13) | Inverting input of Amp 4 | Final amplifier input; validated for operation across full –40°C to +85°C ambient range |
| 4IN+ (Pin 12) | Non-inverting input of Amp 4 | Enables four-channel simultaneous signal conditioning without shared resources |
| 4OUT (Pin 14) | Output of Amp 4 | Delivers full-spec output drive and settling time (4µs to 0.1%) per channel |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Drop-in replacement for legacy LM324 | Pin- and function-compatible with LM324, LM324A, and LM2902 families - no PCB change required |
| Integrated EMI/RF filter | Reduces susceptibility to 100MHz–1GHz noise without external ferrites or RC networks |
| Rail-to-rail input (V– included) | Allows direct connection of 0V-referenced sensors (e.g., thermistors, current shunts) without level shifters |
| Low quiescent current (240µA/amp) | Enables four-channel analog signal chain operation on <1mA total supply current |
| High ESD robustness (2kV HBM) | Eliminates need for external TVS diodes in board-level ESD protection schemes |
Applications
| Power Supply Monitoring | Multi-function Printer Analog Front End |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Real-time voltage supervision of 12V and 24V rails in merchant server PSUs and desktop motherboards. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Quad op-amp configured as four independent comparator/gain stages for overvoltage, undervoltage, current sense, and temperature monitoring. Use Value: Single LM324KD replaces four discrete comparators or op-amps, reducing BOM count and layout area by >60%. | Use Scenario: Signal conditioning of paper feed sensors, toner density detectors, and fuser temperature feedback in office MFPs. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Amplifier and buffer for low-level analog outputs from photodiodes, thermistors, and Hall-effect sensors. Use Value: Rail-to-rail input enables direct interface with grounded sensors; 1.2MHz GBW supports fast response to paper jam events. |
| AC Inverter Control Loop | Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Feedback |
Use Scenario: Closed-loop voltage and current regulation in residential solar string inverters and HVAC variable-frequency drives. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Error amplifier in PID compensation networks for DC-link voltage and motor phase current control. Use Value: ±3mV offset ensures <0.1% steady-state regulation error; 240µA/amp current supports always-on monitoring during standby. | Use Scenario: Battery voltage sensing, inverter output waveform shaping, and line-synchronization detection in offline UPS units. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Four-channel signal conditioner for battery SOC estimation, sine-wave generation reference, and zero-crossing detection. Use Value: 120dB channel separation prevents coupling between battery monitor and AC output paths; SOIC-14 package fits tight UPS PCB layouts. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar quad operational amplifier applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM324DR | Same SOIC-14 package; identical electrical specs but rated for 0°C to 70°C only (vs. –40°C to +85°C for LM324KD) | Limited to commercial-grade equipment (e.g., desktop PCs, printers); not qualified for industrial ambient extremes | Select LM324DR only if operating temperature stays within 0°C–70°C and cost is primary constraint |
| LM2902KDR | SOIC-14; wider operating range (–40°C to +125°C), but higher ±7mV max offset and lower 50V/mV open-loop gain | Better suited for automotive engine bay or high-temp industrial enclosures where offset tolerance >3mV is acceptable | Choose LM2902KDR when extended temperature range outweighs need for tighter DC accuracy |
Compared with LM324DR and LM2902KDR, the LM324KD uniquely balances industrial temperature rating (–40°C to +85°C), ±3mV offset, and SOIC-14 compatibility-making it optimal for AC inverters, UPS systems, and climate control hardware where both precision and ruggedness are required.
Availability
LM324KD is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for AC inverters, uninterruptible power supplies, and multi-function printers requiring stable component supply across long production lifecycles and varying environmental conditions.
Supply support for LM324KD includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader delivering analog and embedded processing solutions, with over 50 years of op-amp innovation and broad manufacturing scale.
The LM324KD belongs to TI's industry-standard LMx24 family of quad operational amplifiers, engineered for cost-sensitive, high-volume applications demanding reliability, wide supply range, and ease of design-in across industrial, computing, and appliance markets.
FAQ
What is the maximum operating temperature range for the LM324KD?
The LM324KD is specified for operation from –40°C to +85°C ambient temperature. This industrial-grade range is validated per TI's SLOS066AE datasheet Section 6.3 and supports deployment in air conditioners, inverters, and UPS systems exposed to elevated thermal environments. The LM324KD maintains its ±3mV input offset voltage and 1.2MHz gain-bandwidth performance across this full range.
Does the LM324KD support true single-supply operation with input signals at ground potential?
Yes, the LM324KD supports true single-supply operation with input common-mode voltage extending to V– (ground when VCC– is tied to GND). Per Section 6.5 of the datasheet, its VCM range is V– to (V+) – 1.5V at 25°C and V– to (V+) – 2V over –40°C to +85°C. This allows direct interfacing with 0V-referenced sensors such as current-shunt monitors and thermistors without external level-shifting circuitry.
What is the output drive capability of the LM324KD at 5V supply?
At VS = 5V, the LM324KD delivers a minimum output swing of 1.35V below V+ (i.e., ≥3.65V) at –50µA sink and 100mV above V– (i.e., ≤100mV) at +50µA source. It sources up to –30mA and sinks up to +20mA per amplifier (Section 6.5), with short-circuit current limited to ±40mA. These values are measured per TI's test conditions and remain valid across the full industrial temperature range.
Is the LM324KD pin-compatible with older LM324 variants?
Yes, the LM324KD is a drop-in replacement for all standard LM324, LM324A, and LM2902 variants in SOIC-14 (D) package. TI explicitly states in Section 1 that "B versions are drop-in replacements for all versions of LM224, LM324, and LM2902", and the LM324KD is part of the LM324B family. Pin functions, footprint, and electrical behavior match exactly-no PCB or schematic changes are needed for migration.
How does the LM324KD handle electromagnetic interference in noisy environments?
The LM324KD integrates on-die RF and EMI filters, providing enhanced immunity to high-frequency noise (100MHz–1GHz) without requiring external suppression components. Its 2kV HBM ESD rating and 1.5kV CDM rating further ensure robustness in electrically harsh settings like AC inverters and industrial motor drives. This is confirmed in Section 1 Features and validated in TI's EMI testing reports referenced in the datasheet.
LM324KD Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 14-SOIC (0.154", 3.90mm Width)
- Packaging:
- Tube
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Amplifier Type:
- General Purpose
- Number of Circuits:
- 4
- Output Type:
- -
- Slew Rate:
- 0.5V/µs
- Gain Bandwidth Product:
- 1.2 MHz
- -3db Bandwidth:
- -
- Current - Input Bias:
- 20 nA
- Voltage - Input Offset:
- 3 mV
- Current - Supply:
- 1.4mA (x4 Channels)
- Current - Output / Channel:
- 30 mA
- Voltage - Supply Span (Min):
- 3 V
- Voltage - Supply Span (Max):
- 30 V
- Operating Temperature:
- 0°C ~ 70°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- 14-SOIC
LM324KD FAQ
1.How can I place an order for LM324KD through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for LM324KD on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for LM324KD reliable?
The price and inventory of LM324KD are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for LM324KD is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for LM324KD?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for LM324KD transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for LM324KD?
LM324KD orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your LM324KD order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for LM324KD?
For technical support, including LM324KD datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your LM324KD requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that LM324KD is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All LM324KD products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that LM324KD meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of LM324KD?
All LM324KD units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with LM324KD, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The LM324KD part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for LM324KD:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
LM324KD Tags
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LM358DT
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LM358DR
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LM2904DR
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LM2904DGKR
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LM324DR
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MCP6006UT-E/OT
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LM324PWR
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LM2902DR
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