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Texas Instruments LM4431M3-2.5
- Part No.:
- LM4431M3-2.5
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Voltage Reference
- Package:
- TO-236-3, SC-59, SOT-23-3
- Datasheet:
-
LM4431M3-2.5.pdf
- Description:
- IC VREF SHUNT 2% SOT23-3
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:15,150
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Product details
Overview
LM4431M3-2.5 from Texas Instruments is a micropower, curvature-corrected 2.50 V shunt voltage reference in SOT-23 (DBZ) package, featuring ±2.0% initial tolerance at 25°C, 30 ppm/°C typical temperature coefficient, and stable operation from 100 μA to 15 mA load current - used for precision biasing and calibration in portable instrumentation and low-power data acquisition systems.
For engineers reviewing the LM4431M3-2.5 datasheet, LM4431M3-2.5 pinout, LM4431M3-2.5 application, or LM4431M3-2.5 equivalent, key selection criteria include reverse breakdown voltage stability under capacitive loads, low 35 μVrms noise (10 Hz–10 kHz), no external capacitor requirement, and compatibility with space-constrained SOT-23 layouts.
Technical Context
The LM4431M3-2.5 implements a bandgap-based shunt reference architecture with on-die curvature correction to minimize temperature-induced nonlinearity across 0°C to +70°C. Its dynamic impedance remains below 1.0 Ω at 1 mA, enabling tight regulation despite varying load currents.
It operates as a two-terminal device requiring only an external series resistor for current setting, with pin 3 internally connected to the die attach pad and mandatorily left floating or tied to pin 2 (cathode) to avoid parasitic Schottky conduction - a critical layout constraint confirmed in TI's DBZ0003A package documentation.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Output Voltage | 2.50 V nominal reverse breakdown voltage - sets precise bias point for ADC references, op-amp feedback, and sensor excitation circuits. |
| Initial Tolerance | ±2.0% max at 25°C - enables single-point calibration in cost-sensitive industrial sensors without trimming. |
| Temp Coefficient | 30 ppm/°C typical - ensures ≤±0.525 mV drift over full 0°C to +70°C range, critical for battery-powered metering. |
| Operating Current | 100 μA to 15 mA - supports ultra-low-power sleep modes and high-accuracy active measurement simultaneously. |
| Output Noise | 35 μVrms (10 Hz–10 kHz) - minimizes added uncertainty in 16-bit+ data acquisition front-ends. |
| Dynamic Impedance | 1.0 Ω at 1 mA - maintains voltage stability during transient load steps in precision current sources. |
| Long-Term Stability | 120 ppm over 1000 hrs - reduces recalibration frequency in field-deployed test equipment. |
Pinout & Package
SOT-23 (DBZ0003A) package: 3-pin surface-mount, 3.04 mm × 1.40 mm × 1.12 mm max height, tape-and-reel (3000 pcs/reel), RoHS-compliant Sn lead finish, MSL Level-1.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Pin 1 (Anode) | Reference output terminal | Connected to system ground in standard shunt configuration; sinks current to maintain 2.50 V across load. |
| Pin 2 (Cathode) | Reverse-biased reference input | Connected to positive supply via series resistor; reverse breakdown establishes regulated 2.50 V at pin 1. |
| Pin 3 (Die Attach) | Internal die substrate contact | Must be left floating or shorted to pin 2 - not electrically functional but prevents parasitic Schottky conduction. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| No output capacitor required | Stable operation with any capacitive load up to 10 μF - eliminates BOM line and PCB area in wearables and handhelds. |
| Capacitive load tolerance | Guaranteed stability without external compensation - simplifies layout for high-impedance sensor interfaces. |
| Low quiescent current | 100 μA minimum operating current - extends battery life in remote IoT nodes and portable DMMs. |
| Curvature-corrected bandgap | Reduces parabolic temperature error - achieves flat voltage vs. temperature curve across 0°C to +70°C. |
| Fixed 2.50 V output | Eliminates external resistor divider - improves accuracy and reduces thermal EMF errors in precision DAC buffers. |
Applications
| Portable Data Loggers | Industrial Sensor Transmitters |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Battery-powered environmental monitors logging temperature, humidity, and pressure over weeks on coin-cell power. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Shunt reference providing stable 2.50 V excitation for bridge sensors and reference for 16-bit SAR ADC. Use Value: 100 μA minimum operating current enables >1-year runtime; ±2.0% tolerance avoids factory calibration per unit. |
Use Scenario: 4–20 mA loop-powered transmitters converting RTD or thermocouple signals in process plants. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Precision voltage reference for analog signal conditioning and DAC output scaling. Use Value: 30 ppm/°C tempco ensures <±0.1% full-scale error over -20°C to +60°C ambient; SOT-23 fits tight PCB real estate. |
| Handheld Test Equipment | Energy Metering IC Biasing |
|
Use Scenario: Pocket-sized multimeters requiring accurate DC voltage and current measurement without warm-up drift. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary reference for auto-ranging ADC and internal calibration circuitry. Use Value: 35 μVrms low-frequency noise prevents digitization uncertainty; long-term stability reduces annual recalibration need. |
Use Scenario: Polyphase electricity meters using metrology SoCs (e.g., TI MSP430FE427) needing clean analog supply rails. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Reference for anti-aliasing filters and ADC reference buffer stages. Use Value: Stable 2.50 V output ensures Class 0.5 accuracy compliance; no capacitor requirement eases layout near noisy switching regulators. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar shunt voltage reference applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| TL431ACDBVR | Adjustable 2.495 V output (via resistors), higher 2 mA min current, 22 Ω dynamic impedance | Requires external resistors; less suitable for fixed-voltage, ultra-low-power use cases | Choose when adjustable output or higher current capability is needed; not drop-in for LM4431M3-2.5's fixed 2.50 V, 100 μA operation |
| REF3025AIDBZR | 2.50 V fixed output, 50 ppm/°C max tempco, 50 μA min current, 3.3 V to 5.5 V supply-dependent | Series reference requiring supply headroom; incompatible with shunt topology or floating ground configurations | Choose for higher accuracy (±0.2%) where board space allows SOIC-3 and supply rail ≥3.3 V; not compatible with LM4431M3-2.5's two-terminal operation |
Compared with TL431ACDBVR and REF3025AIDBZR, the LM4431M3-2.5 uniquely combines fixed 2.50 V output, sub-100 μA operation, and true two-terminal shunt functionality - making it irreplaceable in battery-powered, space-constrained, or floating-ground reference designs where external components and supply overhead must be minimized.
Availability
LM4431M3-2.5 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for portable instrumentation, industrial sensor transmitters, and handheld test equipment requiring stable component supply, consistent parametric performance, and long-lifecycle availability.
Supply support for LM4431M3-2.5 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader delivering analog, embedded processing, and connectivity solutions with emphasis on reliability, precision, and energy efficiency.
The LM4431 product line delivers micropower shunt references optimized for space- and power-constrained applications including portable medical devices, battery-operated sensors, and precision metrology systems.
FAQ
What is the exact output voltage and tolerance of the LM4431M3-2.5?
The LM4431M3-2.5 provides a nominal reverse breakdown voltage of 2.500 V with a maximum initial tolerance of ±2.0% at 25°C, verified across production lots per TI's SNVS103C datasheet. This tolerance applies under 100 μA test current and ensures predictable biasing without post-manufacture trimming in cost-sensitive applications.
Can the LM4431M3-2.5 operate without an external capacitor?
Yes, the LM4431M3-2.5 is specifically designed to operate stably without any external output capacitor - a key differentiator confirmed in TI's datasheet Feature list and Applications Information section. It tolerates capacitive loads up to 10 μF, eliminating BOM cost and PCB area typically required by older shunt references.
What is the correct handling for pin 3 on the LM4431M3-2.5?
Pin 3 of the LM4431M3-2.5 is the die attach pad and must be left electrically floating or connected directly to pin 2 (cathode). TI's datasheet explicitly warns that leaving pin 3 unconnected to pin 2 risks parasitic Schottky conduction due to the internal structure of the SOT-23 (DBZ) package - a layout requirement unique to this device family.
What temperature range is specified for the LM4431M3-2.5?
The LM4431M3-2.5 is rated for commercial operation from 0°C to +70°C ambient temperature, as defined in its Operating Ratings table. Its 30 ppm/°C typical temperature coefficient ensures predictable voltage drift within this range, and long-term stability of 120 ppm over 1000 hours is characterized at 25°C ±0.1°C.
How does the LM4431M3-2.5 compare to the TL431 in low-power applications?
The LM4431M3-2.5 draws as little as 100 μA, whereas the TL431 requires ≥1 mA to maintain regulation - making the LM4431M3-2.5 over 10× more suitable for battery-powered systems. Additionally, the LM4431M3-2.5 offers fixed 2.50 V output and no external resistor network, unlike the adjustable TL431, reducing design complexity and thermal EMF errors.
LM4431M3-2.5 Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Package/Case:
- TO-236-3, SC-59, SOT-23-3
- Series:
- -
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Reference Type:
- Shunt
- Output Type:
- Fixed
- Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):
- 2.5V
- Voltage - Output (Max):
- -
- Current - Output:
- 15 mA
- Tolerance:
- ±2%
- Temperature Coefficient:
- 30ppm/°C Typical
- Noise - 0.1Hz to 10Hz:
- -
- Noise - 10Hz to 10kHz:
- 35µVrms
- Voltage - Input:
- -
- Current - Supply:
- -
- Current - Cathode:
- 100 µA
- Operating Temperature:
- 0°C ~ 70°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- SOT-23-3
LM4431M3-2.5 FAQ
1.How can I place an order for LM4431M3-2.5 through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for LM4431M3-2.5 on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for LM4431M3-2.5 reliable?
The price and inventory of LM4431M3-2.5 are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for LM4431M3-2.5 is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for LM4431M3-2.5?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for LM4431M3-2.5 transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for LM4431M3-2.5?
LM4431M3-2.5 orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your LM4431M3-2.5 order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for LM4431M3-2.5?
For technical support, including LM4431M3-2.5 datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your LM4431M3-2.5 requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that LM4431M3-2.5 is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All LM4431M3-2.5 products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that LM4431M3-2.5 meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of LM4431M3-2.5?
All LM4431M3-2.5 units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with LM4431M3-2.5, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The LM4431M3-2.5 part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for LM4431M3-2.5:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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