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Home > Products > Integrated Circuits (ICs) > Power Management (PMIC) > Voltage Reference

Texas Instruments LM4431M3X-2.5

Name: LM4431M3X-2.5
Brand: Texas Instruments
SKU: LM4431M3X-2.5
Price: 2.40 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (2 reviews)

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Part No.:: LM4431M3X-2.5

Manufacturer:: Texas Instruments

Category:: Voltage Reference

Package:: TO-236-3, SC-59, SOT-23-3

Datasheet:: LM4431M3X-2.5.pdf

Description:: IC VREF SHUNT 2% SOT23-3

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Product details

Overview

LM4431M3X-2.5 from Texas Instruments is a micropower, curvature-corrected 2.50 V shunt voltage reference in SOT-23 (DBZ) package, designed for precision analog circuits requiring stable reference voltage with low temperature drift (30 ppm/°C typ), low noise (35 μV_rms, 10 Hz–10 kHz), and operation across 100 μA–15 mA reverse current. It enables compact battery-powered instrumentation and data acquisition systems.

For engineers reviewing the LM4431M3X-2.5 datasheet, LM4431M3X-2.5 pinout, LM4431M3X-2.5 application, or LM4431M3X-2.5 equivalent, key selection criteria include fixed 2.50 V reverse breakdown voltage tolerance (±2.0% max at 25°C), no-output-capacitor-required stability, capacitive load tolerance, and SOT-23 footprint compatibility in space-constrained designs.

Technical Context

The LM4431M3X-2.5 implements a bandgap-based shunt reference architecture with curvature correction to minimize temperature-induced nonlinearity. Its dynamic impedance is 1.0 Ω at 1 mA (120 Hz), enabling high PSRR in feedback loops without external compensation.

It operates as a two-terminal device: anode (pin 2) and cathode (pin 1), with pin 3 internally connected to die attach and required to be floating or tied to pin 2. The design tolerates capacitive loads up to ≥10 μF while maintaining stability over its full 100 μA–15 mA operating current range.

Key Specifications

Parameter	Value and Actual Design Meaning
Output Voltage	2.500 V nominal reverse breakdown voltage - defines precise bias point for ADCs, DACs, and comparators.
Initial Accuracy	±2.0% max at 25°C - ensures ≤±50 mV absolute error without calibration in production systems.
Temp Coefficient	30 ppm/°C typical - contributes ≤±2.1 mV drift over 0°C to +70°C ambient range.
Output Noise	35 μV_rms (10 Hz–10 kHz) - supports 16-bit+ resolution in low-noise measurement front-ends.
Operating Current	100 μA to 15 mA - allows use in ultra-low-power sensor nodes and high-current precision regulators.
Dynamic Impedance	1.0 Ω at 1 mA - minimizes output voltage shift under varying load or supply ripple conditions.
Long-Term Stability	120 ppm over 1000 hrs - ensures reference integrity in unattended industrial monitoring applications.

Pinout & Package

SOT-23 (DBZ0003A) package: 3-pin surface-mount, 3.04 mm × 1.40 mm × 1.12 mm max height, RoHS-compliant matte tin lead finish, MSL Level-1.

Pin/Terminal	Circuit Role	Design Meaning
Pin 1	Cathode	Reference output node - connects to regulated node or feedback input; sinks current from external series resistor.
Pin 2	Anode	Ground reference terminal - must be connected to system ground or low-impedance return path.
Pin 3	Die Attach / Floating Terminal	Internally bonded to substrate; must remain unconnected or tied to pin 2 to avoid parasitic conduction paths.

Key Features

Feature	Design Value
No output capacitor required	Stable operation without external bypass - eliminates BOM cost, board area, and layout sensitivity in portable designs.
Tolerates capacitive loads	Remains stable with ≥10 μF capacitance on cathode - enables direct interface with ADC sample-and-hold inputs or op-amp buffers.
Curvature-corrected bandgap	30 ppm/°C tempco over 0°C–70°C - achieves near-linear voltage vs. temperature behavior without external trimming.
Low quiescent current	100 μA minimum operating current - supports microamp-level sleep modes in battery-powered IoT sensors.
Fuse-trimmed accuracy	±2.0% initial tolerance at wafer sort - reduces need for post-assembly calibration in volume manufacturing.

Applications

Portable Medical Sensors	Data Acquisition Front-Ends
Use Scenario: Battery-powered ECG or pulse oximeter modules requiring stable 2.5 V reference for 16-bit SAR ADCs. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Shunt voltage reference providing precision bias for analog signal conditioning and digitization. Use Value: Enables <1 LSB INL error over temperature with 35 μV_rms noise floor and zero external capacitor dependency.	Use Scenario: Industrial DAQ systems sampling multiple transducer signals with simultaneous 12–16 bit conversion. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Common reference source for multiplexed ADC channels and programmable gain amplifiers. Use Value: Maintains channel-to-channel matching via ±2.0% initial accuracy and 30 ppm/°C drift, reducing system calibration frequency.
Energy Metering IC Biasing	Programmable Current Sources
Use Scenario: Class 0.2 electricity meters using metrology ICs (e.g., ADE7953) requiring traceable 2.5 V reference. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Precision shunt reference for internal ADC and voltage monitoring blocks. Use Value: Delivers 120 ppm long-term stability over 1000 hrs, supporting 10-year meter calibration validity without field recalibration.	Use Scenario: Precision 1 μA–1 mA current sources for sensor excitation (e.g., RTDs, strain gauges) in process control loops. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Stable voltage reference setting current through external precision resistor. Use Value: Enables <0.1% current accuracy via 2.500 V ±50 mV tolerance and <1.2 mV current-induced voltage shift across full 100 μA–15 mA range.

Portable Medical Sensors

Data Acquisition Front-Ends

Use Scenario: Battery-powered ECG or pulse oximeter modules requiring stable 2.5 V reference for 16-bit SAR ADCs.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Shunt voltage reference providing precision bias for analog signal conditioning and digitization.

Use Value: Enables <1 LSB INL error over temperature with 35 μV_rms noise floor and zero external capacitor dependency.

Use Scenario: Industrial DAQ systems sampling multiple transducer signals with simultaneous 12–16 bit conversion.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Common reference source for multiplexed ADC channels and programmable gain amplifiers.

Use Value: Maintains channel-to-channel matching via ±2.0% initial accuracy and 30 ppm/°C drift, reducing system calibration frequency.

Energy Metering IC Biasing

Programmable Current Sources

Use Scenario: Class 0.2 electricity meters using metrology ICs (e.g., ADE7953) requiring traceable 2.5 V reference.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Precision shunt reference for internal ADC and voltage monitoring blocks.

Use Value: Delivers 120 ppm long-term stability over 1000 hrs, supporting 10-year meter calibration validity without field recalibration.

Use Scenario: Precision 1 μA–1 mA current sources for sensor excitation (e.g., RTDs, strain gauges) in process control loops.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Stable voltage reference setting current through external precision resistor.

Use Value: Enables <0.1% current accuracy via 2.500 V ±50 mV tolerance and <1.2 mV current-induced voltage shift across full 100 μA–15 mA range.

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar shunt voltage reference applications.

Alternative Part	Technical Difference	Application Difference	Selection Advice
TL431ACDBVR	Adjustable 2.495 V reference (min 2.5 V with external resistors); higher 0.2 Ω dynamic impedance; requires external capacitor for stability with >1 nF loads.	Used where programmability or tighter initial tolerance (±0.5%) is needed; less suitable for ultra-low-power or capacitor-free layouts.	Select TL431ACDBVR only if adjustable output or lower tempco (25 ppm/°C) outweighs added complexity and capacitor requirement.
REF3025AIDBZR	2.5 V series reference; 3.6 V min supply; 50 μA quiescent current; requires 1 μF output capacitor; 20 ppm/°C tempco.	Preferred in systems with dedicated 3.3 V/5 V rails and space for decoupling; not viable for 2.5 V-only or sub-3 V operation.	Choose REF3025AIDBZR when supply headroom permits and series topology simplifies PCB routing versus shunt configuration.

Compared with TL431ACDBVR and REF3025AIDBZR, the LM4431M3X-2.5 uniquely delivers fixed 2.50 V output, capacitor-free stability, and 100 μA minimum current - making it optimal for space- and power-constrained shunt-regulated topologies where simplicity and minimal BOM count are critical.

Availability

LM4431M3X-2.5 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for portable medical sensors, industrial data acquisition systems, energy metering modules, and programmable current source designs requiring stable component supply and long-lifecycle support.

Supply support for LM4431M3X-2.5 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, specializing in analog, embedded processing, and power management ICs with broad industrial, automotive, and consumer applications.

The LM4431 product line delivers micropower shunt voltage references optimized for space-constrained, battery-operated instrumentation and precision measurement systems requiring low drift and high stability without external components.

FAQ

What is the exact output voltage specification of the LM4431M3X-2.5?

The LM4431M3X-2.5 has a nominal reverse breakdown voltage of 2.500 V, with a maximum initial tolerance of ±2.0% (±50 mV) at 25°C and 100 μA test current. This value is laser-trimmed during wafer sort and remains stable across its 100 μA–15 mA operating range and 0°C to +70°C temperature span.

Does the LM4431M3X-2.5 require an external output capacitor?

No, the LM4431M3X-2.5 does not require an external output capacitor for stability. Its internal curvature-corrected bandgap design ensures unconditional stability even with capacitive loads up to ≥10 μF, eliminating the need for external bypass components and simplifying layout in compact designs.

What is the correct connection for pin 3 of the LM4431M3X-2.5?

Pin 3 of the LM4431M3X-2.5 must be left floating or connected directly to pin 2 (anode). This terminal is internally tied to the die attach pad and forms a parasitic Schottky diode with pin 2; leaving it unconnected or shorting it to pin 2 prevents unintended conduction paths and ensures specified electrical performance.

How does the LM4431M3X-2.5 perform in low-power applications?

The LM4431M3X-2.5 supports ultra-low-power operation with a minimum operating current of 100 μA, enabling use in battery-powered systems with multi-year runtime. Its 35 μV_rms noise and 30 ppm/°C temperature coefficient maintain accuracy even at microamp bias levels, unlike many references that degrade below 500 μA.

Is the LM4431M3X-2.5 RoHS compliant and what is its moisture sensitivity level?

Yes, the LM4431M3X-2.5 is RoHS compliant with matte tin (SN) lead finish and carries a JEDEC MSL Level-1 rating (260°C peak reflow, unlimited floor life), making it compatible with standard surface-mount assembly processes without dry-pack requirements or baking protocols.

LM4431M3X-2.5 Specifications

Product attributes: Attribute value

Manufacturer:: Texas Instruments

Package/Case:: TO-236-3, SC-59, SOT-23-3

Series:: -

Packaging:: Tape & Reel (TR)

Product Status:: Discontinued at Digi-Key

Reference Type:: Shunt

Output Type:: Fixed

Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):: 2.5V

Voltage - Output (Max):: -

Current - Output:: 15 mA

Tolerance:: ±2%

Temperature Coefficient:: 30ppm/°C Typical

Noise - 0.1Hz to 10Hz:: -

Noise - 10Hz to 10kHz:: 35µVrms

Voltage - Input:: -

Current - Supply:: -

Current - Cathode:: 100 µA

Operating Temperature:: 0°C ~ 70°C (TA)

Grade:: -

Qualification:: -

Mounting Type:: Surface Mount

Supplier Device Package:: SOT-23-3

LM4431M3X-2.5 FAQ

1.How can I place an order for LM4431M3X-2.5 through Aetrix?

Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for LM4431M3X-2.5 on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.

2.Are the price and stock information for LM4431M3X-2.5 reliable?

The price and inventory of LM4431M3X-2.5 are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for LM4431M3X-2.5 is usually 5 days.

3.What payment methods are accepted for LM4431M3X-2.5?

We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for LM4431M3X-2.5 transactions.

Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.

4.How is shipping managed for LM4431M3X-2.5?

LM4431M3X-2.5 orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.

Once your LM4431M3X-2.5 order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.

Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.

5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for LM4431M3X-2.5?

For technical support, including LM4431M3X-2.5 datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your LM4431M3X-2.5 requirements.

6.How does Aetrix verify that LM4431M3X-2.5 is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?

All LM4431M3X-2.5 products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that LM4431M3X-2.5 meets industry standards.

7.What is the process for return or replacement of LM4431M3X-2.5?

All LM4431M3X-2.5 units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with LM4431M3X-2.5, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:

1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.

2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.

3.The LM4431M3X-2.5 part is unused and in its original packaging.

Return procedure for LM4431M3X-2.5:

1.Submit a request within 90 days.

2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.

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