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Texas Instruments LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB
- Part No.:
- LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Voltage Reference
- Package:
- TO-236-3, SC-59, SOT-23-3
- Datasheet:
-
LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB.pdf
- Description:
- IC VREF SHUNT 2% SOT23-3
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:9,954
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Product details
Overview
LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB from Texas Instruments is a micropower, curvature-corrected 2.50 V bandgap shunt voltage reference in SOT-23 (DBZ) package, designed for precision biasing and regulation in space-constrained systems. It delivers ±2.0% initial tolerance at 25°C, 30 ppm/°C typical temperature coefficient, and operates stably from 100 μA to 15 mA without requiring an output capacitor - enabling use in portable instrumentation and low-power data acquisition.
For engineers reviewing the LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB datasheet, LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB pinout, LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB application, or LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB equivalent, key selection criteria include its fixed 2.50 V reverse breakdown voltage, capacitive-load tolerance, low 35 μVrms noise (10 Hz–10 kHz), wide operating current range, and SOT-23 thermal performance with θJA = 326°C/W.
Technical Context
The LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB implements a curvature-corrected bandgap core with zener-zap trim at wafer sort to achieve ±2.0% accuracy at 25°C. Its dynamic impedance is 1.0 Ω at 1 mA/120 Hz, and it maintains stability across capacitive loads due to internal compensation - eliminating external stabilization capacitors.
It functions as a two-terminal shunt device: reverse-biased between cathode (Pin 2) and anode (Pin 1), with Pin 3 (die attach) electrically isolated and required to float or tie to Pin 2. Operating current must stay within 100 μA–15 mA to maintain specified voltage accuracy and thermal safety.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Output Voltage | 2.50 V nominal reverse breakdown voltage - sets precise reference point for ADCs, DACs, and comparator thresholds. |
| Initial Tolerance | ±2.0% max at 25°C - enables single-point calibration in cost-sensitive industrial sensors and portable meters. |
| Temp Coefficient | 30 ppm/°C typical - ensures ≤0.75 mV drift over 0°C to +70°C ambient, critical for unheated measurement front-ends. |
| Output Noise | 35 μVrms (10 Hz–10 kHz) - supports high-resolution (≥16-bit) data acquisition without added filtering. |
| Operating Current | 100 μA to 15 mA - allows operation from microamp-level battery monitoring up to 15 mA load regulation in active circuits. |
| Dynamic Impedance | 1.0 Ω at 1 mA/120 Hz - minimizes voltage shift under varying load currents, improving line regulation in shunt regulator topologies. |
| Long-Term Stability | 120 ppm over 1000 hrs at 25°C - supports >5-year calibration intervals in field-deployed test equipment. |
Pinout & Package
SOT-23 (DBZ0003A) package: 3-pin, surface-mount, 3.04 mm × 1.40 mm × 1.12 mm max height, with moisture sensitivity level 1 (260°C peak reflow). Pin 3 is die attach interface and must be left floating or connected to Pin 2 per TI design guidance.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Pin 1 | Anode (A) | Connected to system ground or low-side return path; forms current sink node with Pin 2. |
| Pin 2 | Cathode (K) | Reverse-bias input terminal; connects to supply rail via series resistor (RS) in shunt configuration. |
| Pin 3 | Die Attach / Thermal Pad | Not electrically functional; must float or tie to Pin 2 - prevents parasitic Schottky conduction and thermal runaway. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| No output capacitor required | Enables ultra-compact PCB layout in wearables and sensor nodes where board area is constrained to <5 mm². |
| Tolerates capacitive loads | Stable with >100 nF bypass caps - simplifies EMI filtering and power rail decoupling without oscillation risk. |
| Sub-miniature SOT-23 | 3.0 mm × 1.3 mm footprint - fits alongside 0201 passives in handheld medical diagnostics and IoT edge modules. |
| Low 35 μVrms noise | Reduces effective number of bits (ENOB) loss in 16-bit SAR ADCs - avoids need for external low-noise LDO buffering. |
| Curvature-corrected bandgap | Flattens voltage vs. temperature curve across 0°C to +70°C - eliminates software compensation in factory-calibrated instruments. |
Applications
| Portable Data Loggers | Battery Management Systems |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Continuous 24/7 voltage and temperature logging in remote environmental sensors powered by coin-cell batteries. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Shunt reference providing stable 2.50 V for 16-bit ADC conversion of analog sensor outputs. Use Value: 100 μA minimum operating current extends battery life beyond 2 years; no capacitor reduces BOM count and board area. |
Use Scenario: Cell voltage monitoring in 3S Li-ion packs for e-bikes and power tools, requiring accurate 2.5 V threshold detection. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Precision voltage clamp and reference for overvoltage protection comparators and fuel-gauge ICs. Use Value: ±2.0% tolerance ensures reliable cell balancing activation at 4.25 V per cell; 30 ppm/°C TC maintains accuracy across -20°C to +60°C operating range. |
| Industrial Process Transmitters | Calibration Equipment |
|
Use Scenario: 4–20 mA loop-powered pressure transmitters deployed in oil & gas refineries with ambient temperatures up to +70°C. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary voltage reference for DAC-based current loop control and sensor signal conditioning. Use Value: 120 ppm long-term stability supports 12-month recalibration cycles; SOT-23 package withstands reflow and thermal cycling in high-reliability assemblies. |
Use Scenario: Benchtop multimeters and automated test equipment requiring traceable, low-drift DC voltage references. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Secondary reference standard for self-calibration routines and offset nulling in precision op-amp stages. Use Value: 35 μVrms noise floor enables sub-100 μV measurement resolution; curvature correction eliminates quadratic error in temperature-compensated calibration algorithms. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar shunt voltage reference applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| TL431ACDBVR | Adjustable 2.5 V reference (2.495 V typ), higher 2 mA min current, 0.2 Ω dynamic impedance. | Requires two external resistors for fixed 2.5 V; less suitable for ultra-low-current (<100 μA) battery monitoring. | Select when adjustable output or tighter dynamic impedance is prioritized over micropower operation. |
| REF3025AIDBZR | 2.5 V series reference, 50 μA quiescent current, 100 ppm/°C TC, requires output capacitor. | Three-terminal architecture demands additional PCB space and decoupling; not drop-in compatible with shunt topology. | Select when low-output-impedance sourcing is needed for driving multiple ADC references simultaneously. |
Compared with TL431ACDBVR and REF3025AIDBZR, the LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB uniquely combines micropower operation (100 μA min), zero-capacitor stability, and SOT-23 size - making it optimal for space- and energy-constrained shunt reference roles where simplicity and long battery life are primary.
Availability
LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for portable instrumentation, battery management systems, and industrial process transmitters requiring stable component supply with full traceability and long-lifecycle support.
Supply support for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, delivering analog and embedded processing solutions for industrial, automotive, and personal electronics markets since 1930.
The LM4431 product line targets micropower, high-accuracy shunt references for space-constrained, battery-operated measurement systems - emphasizing low drift, capacitor-free stability, and robustness across commercial temperature ranges.
FAQ
What is the maximum operating current for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB?
The LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB supports a maximum operating current of 15 mA, as specified in its Absolute Maximum Ratings and confirmed in Electrical Characteristics tables. Exceeding this current risks thermal overstress and parametric degradation. At 15 mA, power dissipation remains within safe limits for the SOT-23 package when ambient temperature stays below +70°C and board thermal resistance is maintained per TI's θJA = 326°C/W specification. The LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB must be used with appropriate series resistance (RS) to ensure current stays within 100 μA–15 mA across all operating conditions.
Does LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB require an external capacitor for stability?
No, the LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB does not require an external capacitor for stability - a core feature enabled by its internally compensated curvature-corrected bandgap architecture. TI explicitly states "No Output Capacitor Required" in the datasheet Features section and confirms stability with any capacitive load. Adding a capacitor (e.g., 100 nF) is permissible and may improve PSRR but is never mandatory. This eliminates BOM cost and PCB area typically consumed by stabilization caps in traditional shunt references, making the LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB ideal for ultra-compact designs.
What is the function of Pin 3 on LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB?
Pin 3 on the LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB is the die attach interface contact - not an electrical signal pin. Due to a parasitic Schottky diode between Pin 2 (cathode) and Pin 3, TI mandates that Pin 3 be either left floating or connected directly to Pin 2. Failure to follow this guideline risks unintended conduction paths, thermal instability, or degraded voltage regulation. This requirement is documented in both the Functional Block Diagram section and Applications Information of the LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB datasheet and applies identically across all SOT-23 variants including LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB.
What is the temperature coefficient of LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB?
The LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB has a typical temperature coefficient of ±30 ppm/°C, measured across the commercial temperature range of 0°C to +70°C. This value is specified in the Electrical Characteristics table under "Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient" and reflects curvature correction effectiveness. At ±30 ppm/°C, the output voltage drift is limited to approximately ±0.75 mV over the full range - a key enabler for applications like portable multimeters and unheated sensor transmitters where active temperature compensation is impractical. The LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB achieves this performance without external components.
Can LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB be used in automotive applications?
The LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB is rated for the commercial temperature range (0°C to +70°C) and is not qualified for automotive AEC-Q100 stress testing or extended temperature grades (e.g., −40°C to +125°C). While it may function outside its specified range in some benign environments, TI does not guarantee performance or reliability beyond 0°C to +70°C. For automotive applications - such as body control modules or infotainment power rails - designers should select automotive-grade alternatives like the TL431QDBVR or REF5025AQDGNRQ1. The LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB remains appropriate for consumer, industrial, and medical devices operating strictly within its rated ambient range.
LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Package/Case:
- TO-236-3, SC-59, SOT-23-3
- Series:
- -
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Active
- Reference Type:
- Shunt
- Output Type:
- Fixed
- Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):
- 2.5V
- Voltage - Output (Max):
- -
- Current - Output:
- 15 mA
- Tolerance:
- ±2%
- Temperature Coefficient:
- 30ppm/°C Typical
- Noise - 0.1Hz to 10Hz:
- -
- Noise - 10Hz to 10kHz:
- 35µVrms
- Voltage - Input:
- -
- Current - Supply:
- -
- Current - Cathode:
- 100 µA
- Operating Temperature:
- 0°C ~ 70°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- SOT-23-3
LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB FAQ
1.How can I place an order for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB reliable?
The price and inventory of LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB?
LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB?
For technical support, including LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB?
All LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for LM4431M3X-2.5/NOPB:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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