NXP Semiconductors MC33996EKR2

Overview

MC33996EKR2 from NXP Semiconductors (formerly Freescale) is a 16-channel automotive-grade low-side power switch IC with 24-bit SPI control, integrated current limiting (0.9–2.5 A), +50 V output clamp, and independent over-temperature protection. It interfaces directly with 3.3 V/5.0 V CMOS microcontrollers and serves as a fault-aware bus expander for controlling incandescent, LED, and inductive loads in vehicle lighting and body electronics.

For engineers reviewing the MC33996EKR2 datasheet, MC33996EKR2 pinout, MC33996EKR2 application, or MC33996EKR2 equivalent, this page delivers verified electrical specs, SPI diagnostic behavior, real-world fault reporting logic (open-load OFF, short-to-VBAT, thermal shutdown), package-validated thermal resistance (RθJC = 1.2 °C/W), and OEM-proven automotive supply voltage range (5.0–27 V VPWR).

Technical Context

The MC33996EKR2 implements SMARTMOS technology-integrating CMOS logic, bipolar/MOS analog circuitry, and discrete DMOS power transistors-to deliver robust fault management without MCU intervention. Its 24-bit SPI interface supports simultaneous command input (ON/OFF, PWM enable, SFPD, open-load enable) and full diagnostic readback (per-output fault status, over-voltage, any-fault flag).

Each of the 16 open-drain outputs features programmable current limiting, output clamp protection during inductive switching, and dual-mode fault detection: short-to-VBAT when ON and open-load when OFF (with 50 µA pull-down enabled). The dedicated RST pin clears all registers and forces outputs OFF, while SOPWR-controlled sleep mode reduces VPWR standby current to <10 µA.

Key Specifications

Pinout & Package

MC33996EKR2 is housed in a 32-pin SOICW-EP (exposed pad) package, optimized for automotive thermal performance. The exposed pad (Pin 33) must be connected to system ground to achieve specified R_θJC = 1.2 °C/W and ensure reliable operation at 125°C ambient.

Key Features

Applications

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar low-side switch applications.

Compared with TPIC2101QPWPRQ1 and MAX14919AUB+, the MC33996EKR2 uniquely combines 16-channel integration, hardware PWM pin control, programmable open-load detection, and automotive-grade 50 V clamp in a single SOICW-EP package - making it optimal for cost-sensitive, high-diagnostic-coverage body electronics nodes.

Availability

MC33996EKR2 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for automotive lighting control, body control modules, industrial HMI panels, and commercial vehicle power distribution requiring stable component supply across extended temperature and voltage ranges.

Supply support for MC33996EKR2 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

NXP Semiconductors is a global semiconductor leader focused on automotive, industrial, and IoT applications, delivering secure, energy-efficient, and highly integrated solutions.

The MC33996EKR2 belongs to NXP's SMARTMOS automotive power switch family, designed specifically for fault-resilient, SPI-managed low-side driving in vehicle body electronics and lighting systems.

FAQ

What is the maximum VPWR voltage the MC33996EKR2 can withstand without damage?

The MC33996EKR2 has an absolute maximum VPWR rating of 50 V, but its over-voltage shutdown activates between 27.5 V and 35 V (typical 31.5 V) to protect downstream loads. During inductive switching, the output clamp limits voltage to +50 V - a non-destructive, energy-limited condition tested to 50 mJ per pulse. Operation above 27 V should be limited to transient conditions only, as sustained over-voltage triggers automatic shutdown.

How does the MC33996EKR2 detect open-load conditions on OFF outputs?

The MC33996EKR2 detects open-load conditions on OFF outputs only when the Open Load Current Enable register is set to logic [1], activating a 50 µA internal pull-down current. If the load is disconnected, the output voltage rises above the 2.5–3.5 V fault threshold (V_OUTth(F)), triggering an open-load fault bit in the SO response word. This feature is disabled by default after Power-On Reset or RST assertion and must be explicitly enabled via SPI.

Can multiple MC33996EKR2 devices be daisy-chained using a single SPI bus?

Yes, multiple MC33996EKR2 devices support daisy-chain configuration: the SO pin of one device connects to the SI pin of the next, with shared SCLK, CS, and RST lines. Each device consumes 24 bits per transaction - the first device shifts out its 24-bit fault word while the second shifts in the next command. Daisy chaining maintains full diagnostic visibility per device and reduces MCU GPIO usage, though timing between CS transitions must exceed 450 µs to ensure accurate fault capture.

What thermal protection mechanisms does the MC33996EKR2 implement?

The MC33996EKR2 implements two-tier thermal protection: per-output over-temperature detection (shutting down only the affected channel) and global junction over-temperature shutdown (155–180 °C) that disables all outputs. Recovery behavior - immediate retry or latched-off state - is programmable via the Global Shutdown/Retry Control register. Thermal shutdown is independent of current limit and activates even if output current remains within 0.9–2.5 A specification.

Is the MC33996EKR2 pin-compatible with other members of the 33996 family?

Yes, the MC33996EKR2 shares identical pinout, package (32-pin SOICW-EP), and electrical interface with MC33996EK and MCZ33996EK/R2 variants. Differences are limited to ordering suffixes indicating Pb-free compliance (EK), tape-and-reel packaging (R2), and manufacturer branding (MC vs. MCZ). All share identical functional behavior, timing, and SPI command structure - enabling direct substitution in existing designs.