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NXP Semiconductors MC68020CRC20E
- Part No.:
- MC68020CRC20E
- Manufacturer:
- NXP Semiconductors
- Category:
- Microprocessors
- Package:
- 114-BPGA
- Datasheet:
-
MC68020CRC20E.pdf
- Description:
- IC MPU M680X0 20MHZ 114PGA
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:4,111
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Product details
Overview
MC68020CRC20E from Motorola (later Freescale) is a 32-bit, second-generation enhanced microprocessor with full 32-bit data and address buses (A31–A0, D31–D0), on-chip 256-byte instruction cache, and support for virtual memory, pipelined execution, and coprocessor interface. It operates at 20 MHz, uses a 114-pin ceramic PGA package, and was deployed in high-end workstations, UNIX-based systems, and industrial controllers requiring deterministic real-time interrupt handling and MMU-capable memory management.
For engineers reviewing the MC68020CRC20E datasheet, MC68020CRC20E pinout, MC68020CRC20E application, or MC68020CRC20E equivalent, key selection considerations include its 20 MHz clock rating, 32-bit synchronous/asynchronous bus interface, supervisor/user privilege model, exception vectoring scheme, and compatibility with MC68881/MC68882 floating-point coprocessors.
Technical Context
The MC68020CRC20E implements a five-stage pipeline (fetch, decode, execute, address generation, writeback) with dynamic bus sizing and misaligned operand support. It features a Harvard-style on-chip instruction cache (256 bytes, direct-mapped), separate 32-bit address and data buses, and a programmable coprocessor interface supporting concurrent CPU/coprocessor operation via dedicated CIR registers and response primitives.
Its bus architecture supports asynchronous transfers with DSACK0/DSACK1 handshaking, three-level interrupt prioritization (IPL0–IPL7), and bus arbitration using BR, BG, and BGA signals. Exception processing includes 256-vector table support, stack frame formats for bus errors, address errors, and interrupts, and hardware-assisted context save/restore for coprocessor integration.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Clock Frequency | 20 MHz maximum - defines instruction throughput ceiling and synchronous peripheral timing budget. |
| Data Bus Width | 32-bit bidirectional D31–D0 - enables single-cycle 32-bit memory/IO transfers and native longword alignment. |
| Address Bus Width | 32-bit A31–A0 - supports 4 GB linear address space and full virtual memory addressing with MMU. |
| On-Chip Cache | 256-byte instruction-only cache - reduces average instruction fetch latency without complicating data coherency. |
| Instruction Set | Full M68000 family ISA including MOVE, arithmetic, bit manipulation, and coprocessor instructions - ensures binary compatibility with earlier 68k software while adding 32-bit enhancements. |
| Privilege Model | Supervisor/User mode separation with dedicated status register bits - enforces OS kernel protection and prevents user code from accessing critical system resources. |
| Interrupt Handling | Seven-level vectored interrupt (IPL0–IPL7) with autovector and spurious cycle support - enables deterministic real-time response and priority-based servicing without software polling. |
Pinout & Package
MC68020CRC20E is housed in a 114-pin ceramic pin-grid array (PGA) package with 15 × 15 mm body size and 0.1 inch pin pitch. Pin assignments follow Motorola standard RC suffix layout per Section 11.2.1 of the M68020 User's Manual.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| CLK | Clock input | Accepts 20 MHz TTL-compatible square wave; drives internal pipeline stages and bus timing generator. |
| RESET | Asynchronous reset input | Forces CPU into initial state, clears internal registers, and begins execution from vector offset 0x00000000. |
| VPA | Valid Peripheral Address | Indicates valid address on A31–A0 during bus cycles targeting peripherals or memory-mapped I/O. |
| DSACK0/DSACK1 | Data Strobe Acknowledge | Asynchronous handshake signals used by peripherals to extend bus cycle duration and indicate data validity. |
| BR/BG/BGA | Bus Request/Grant/Grant Acknowledge | Three-wire arbitration protocol enabling DMA controllers or other masters to gain control of the address/data bus. |
| FC2–FC0 | Function Code outputs | Encode current bus cycle type (e.g., supervisor data, user program, CPU space) for memory management unit or bus controller decoding. |
| AS | Address Strobe | Indicates valid address on A31–A0; used to latch address in external memory or peripheral address decoders. |
| R/W | Read/Write control | Active-high for read, active-low for write - determines direction of data transfer on D31–D0 bus. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Pipelined 5-stage execution | Enables overlapping instruction fetch, decode, and execution - improves average instruction throughput beyond raw clock frequency. |
| Dedicated coprocessor interface | Supports concurrent operation with MC68881/MC68882 FPUs via CIR registers and response primitives - offloads floating-point math without CPU stalls. |
| 32-bit virtual memory support | Hardware-managed address translation via external MMU (e.g., MC68851) - enables protected multitasking and demand-paged OS environments. |
| Dynamic bus sizing | Automatically adapts bus cycle timing to 8-, 16-, or 32-bit peripheral widths - simplifies mixed-width system design without glue logic. |
| Misaligned operand handling | Hardware support for unaligned memory accesses (e.g., word access at odd byte boundary) - eliminates software alignment overhead in C-language runtime. |
Applications
| UNIX Workstation CPU | Industrial Motion Controller |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Core processor in 1980s–1990s desktop workstations (e.g., Sun-3, Apollo DN3000) running BSD or System V UNIX. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary execution engine managing process scheduling, virtual memory, and device drivers via supervisor-mode kernel. Use Value: Full 32-bit address space and MMU compatibility enabled scalable memory configurations up to 4 GB, critical for multiuser OS environments. |
Use Scenario: Real-time motion control in CNC machines and robotics where deterministic interrupt latency and precise I/O timing are required. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Central controller executing servo loop algorithms, coordinating stepper/motor drivers, and handling encoder feedback via parallel or serial interfaces. Use Value: Seven-level vectored interrupt prioritization and hardware exception stack frames ensured sub-microsecond response to position error interrupts. |
| Embedded Telemetry System | Legacy Network Router |
Use Scenario: Data acquisition and telemetry unit in aerospace or power grid infrastructure, collecting sensor data and transmitting over RS-232/485. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Host processor interfacing with ADCs, UARTs, and watchdog timers while managing flash-based firmware updates. Use Value: On-chip instruction cache and pipelining reduced average instruction cycle time, improving throughput for time-critical sensor sampling routines. |
Use Scenario: Forwarding engine in early Ethernet routers (e.g., Cisco 2500 series predecessors) performing packet inspection and routing table lookups. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Packet processor executing routing protocols, managing buffer memory, and controlling MAC-layer interfaces via programmed I/O. Use Value: 32-bit data bus and misaligned operand support accelerated IP header parsing and checksum calculation across variable-length packet boundaries. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar 32-bit microprocessor applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| MC68030RC25 | Integrated 256-byte instruction + 256-byte data cache, on-chip MMU, higher 25 MHz clock rating. | Better suited for memory-intensive multitasking OS; eliminates need for external MMU and reduces external cache complexity. | Select MC68030RC25 when requiring integrated MMU and dual-cache performance without redesigning memory subsystem. |
| MC68EC020RC20 | Same core architecture but 24-bit address bus (A23–A0), no VMEbus support, lower power consumption. | Targeted at cost-sensitive embedded systems with ≤16 MB memory footprint; lacks full 32-bit addressing capability. | Select MC68EC020RC20 only when system memory requirements are capped at 16 MB and external MMU is unnecessary. |
Compared with MC68020CRC20E, the MC68030RC25 offers integrated memory management and dual caching for higher OS efficiency, while the MC68EC020RC20 trades full 32-bit addressing for lower cost and power in constrained embedded roles - neither is pin-compatible, requiring PCB redesign for substitution.
Availability
MC68020CRC20E is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for legacy system repair, industrial controller refurbishment, and vintage computing restoration requiring stable component supply and traceable sourcing.
Supply support for MC68020CRC20E includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Motorola Semiconductor (later Freescale Semiconductor, now NXP) pioneered the 68k architecture and delivered high-reliability microprocessors for industrial, telecom, and computing markets from the 1970s through the 2000s.
The MC68020 belongs to the M68000 family second-generation microprocessors, designed to deliver full 32-bit computing performance with backward compatibility, virtual memory readiness, and coprocessor extensibility for UNIX workstations and real-time embedded systems.
FAQ
What is the maximum operating frequency of the MC68020CRC20E?
The MC68020CRC20E is rated for a maximum clock frequency of 20 MHz, as specified in Motorola's Electrical Characteristics section (Section 10.3). This speed defines its instruction execution rate, bus cycle timing, and compatibility with associated peripherals like the MC68881 FPU and MC68851 MMU. Operation above this frequency risks timing violations and undefined behavior.
Does the MC68020CRC20E include an on-chip memory management unit (MMU)?
No, the MC68020CRC20E does not integrate an MMU. It provides the necessary address translation support signals and coprocessor interface to work with the external MC68851 MMU, which must be added to enable virtual memory, memory protection, and demand paging. The MC68020CRC20E itself handles address generation and privilege checking but relies on external hardware for page table management.
Which floating-point coprocessors are compatible with the MC68020CRC20E?
The MC68020CRC20E is fully compatible with the MC68881 and MC68882 floating-point units via its dedicated coprocessor interface. Both devices use identical command/response protocols and CIR register mapping defined in Section 7 of the M68020 User's Manual. The MC68882 offers improved performance and additional instructions but maintains binary compatibility with MC68881 software.
What package type and pin count does the MC68020CRC20E use?
The MC68020CRC20E uses a 114-pin ceramic pin-grid array (PGA) package with RC suffix designation. Its mechanical dimensions, pin layout, and thermal characteristics are documented in Section 11.2.1 of the M68020 User's Manual. This PGA format was selected for high-pin-count reliability in demanding industrial and workstation environments.
How does the MC68020CRC20E handle misaligned memory accesses?
The MC68020CRC20E natively supports misaligned operand accesses (e.g., reading a 16-bit word from an odd address) through automatic multi-cycle bus transactions. Unlike earlier 68k variants, it performs the required split reads/writes transparently in hardware, eliminating the need for software intervention or alignment exceptions in most cases - a key feature for C-language runtime compatibility.
MC68020CRC20E Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- NXP Semiconductors
- Package/Case:
- 114-BPGA
- Series:
- M680x0
- Packaging:
- Tray
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Core Processor:
- 68020
- Number of Cores/Bus Width:
- 1 Core, 32-Bit
- Speed:
- 20MHz
- Co-Processors/DSP:
- -
- RAM Controllers:
- -
- Graphics Acceleration:
- No
- Display & Interface Controllers:
- -
- Ethernet:
- -
- SATA:
- -
- USB:
- -
- Voltage - I/O:
- 5.0V
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 85°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Security Features:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Through Hole
- Supplier Device Package:
- 114-PGA (34.55x34.55)
- Additional Interfaces:
- -
MC68020CRC20E FAQ
1.How can I place an order for MC68020CRC20E through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for MC68020CRC20E on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for MC68020CRC20E reliable?
The price and inventory of MC68020CRC20E are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for MC68020CRC20E is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for MC68020CRC20E?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for MC68020CRC20E transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for MC68020CRC20E?
MC68020CRC20E orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your MC68020CRC20E order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for MC68020CRC20E?
For technical support, including MC68020CRC20E datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your MC68020CRC20E requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that MC68020CRC20E is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All MC68020CRC20E products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that MC68020CRC20E meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of MC68020CRC20E?
All MC68020CRC20E units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with MC68020CRC20E, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The MC68020CRC20E part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for MC68020CRC20E:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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