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Microchip Technology MCP4251-502E/P
- Part No.:
- MCP4251-502E/P
- Manufacturer:
- Microchip Technology
- Category:
- Digital Potentiometers
- Package:
- 14-DIP (0.300", 7.62mm)
- Datasheet:
-
MCP4251-502E/P.pdf
- Description:
- IC DGTL POT 5KOHM 257TAP 14DIP
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:281
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Product details
Overview
MCP4251-502E/P from Microchip Technology is a dual-channel, 8-bit volatile digital potentiometer in PDIP-14 package, offering two independent 50 kΩ resistor networks with 257-step resolution, 75 Ω typical wiper resistance, and SPI interface (10 MHz, modes 0,0 & 1,1) for precision analog control in programmable gain amplifiers and sensor calibration circuits.
For engineers reviewing the MCP4251-502E/P datasheet, MCP4251-502E/P pinout, MCP4251-502E/P application, or MCP4251-502E/P equivalent, key selection criteria include dual-potentiometer topology, 50 kΩ RAB tolerance (±20%), extended temperature range (–40°C to +125°C), and support for split-rail operation with high-voltage-tolerant digital inputs up to 12.5 V.
Technical Context
The MCP4251-502E/P implements two independent 8-bit resistor ladders with mid-scale power-on reset (80h), each supporting potentiometer configuration (P0A/P0W/P0B and P1A/P1W/P1B). Its SPI interface operates in Mode 0,0 and Mode 1,1 with CS-active timing compliance per DS22060B, enabling synchronous read/write of wiper registers without external memory.
Resistor network behavior is defined by absolute tempco (50 ppm/°C typical, 0°C–70°C) and ratiometric tempco (15 ppm/°C typical at midscale), while wiper disconnect is controlled via SHDN pin or TCON register-enabling dynamic isolation of either potentiometer terminal during system sleep or fault conditions.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| RAB per channel | 50 kΩ ±20% - defines full-scale resistance between A and B terminals for analog scaling applications |
| Resolution | 8-bit / 257 steps - enables fine-grained adjustment with 0.39% step size (1/256) across full scale |
| Wiper resistance | 75 Ω typical - minimizes insertion error in low-impedance signal paths and voltage divider loading |
| SPI speed | 10 MHz max (VDD ≥ 2.7 V) - supports high-throughput wiper updates in real-time control loops |
| Operating voltage | 1.8 V to 5.5 V - allows direct interfacing with 1.8 V logic and compatibility with 3.3 V/5 V microcontrollers |
| Temp range | –40°C to +125°C - qualified for under-hood automotive, industrial motor drives, and outdoor instrumentation |
| Bandwidth | 200 kHz typical (50 kΩ, –3 dB) - sets usable AC signal frequency limit for variable-gain stages |
Pinout & Package
14-pin PDIP package with exposed pad not present; body dimensions 19.18 mm × 6.60 mm × 3.81 mm (L × W × H); RoHS-compliant lead finish.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (SHDN) | Shutdown control input | Active-low hardware disable that disconnects both potentiometer terminals from internal circuitry |
| 2 (SDO) | SPI serial data output | Tri-state output delivering wiper register contents during read commands; high-impedance when CS inactive |
| 3 (WP) | Write-protect input | Hardware lock preventing accidental wiper register writes when held high |
| 4 (VDD) | Positive supply rail | Power source for digital core and resistor ladder bias; accepts 1.8–5.5 V with brown-out reset at ~1.65 V |
| 5–8 (P0B, P0W, P0A, P1A) | Channel 0 B/W/A and Channel 1 A terminals | Direct access to resistor network endpoints; polarity unrestricted for flexible pot/rheostat wiring |
| 9–11 (P1W, P1B, VSS) | Channel 1 W/B and ground reference | VSS serves as common analog/digital return; P1W and P1B complete second potentiometer |
| 12 (CS) | SPI chip select | Enables device communication; supports three-level logic (VIL/VIH/VIHH) for multi-voltage system interfacing |
| 13 (SDI) | SPI serial data input | Accepts command/address/data bytes; Schmitt-triggered for noise immunity on noisy PCBs |
| 14 (SCK) | SPI clock input | Drives synchronous data transfer; compatible with standard MCU SPI peripherals in Mode 0,0 or 1,1 |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Dual independent 8-bit pots | Enables simultaneous gain/offset tuning in stereo audio or differential sensor front-ends without inter-channel crosstalk |
| Low 75 Ω wiper resistance | Reduces signal attenuation and nonlinearity in voltage-divider configurations below 0.15% of RAB |
| 15 ppm/°C ratiometric tempco | Maintains stable voltage division ratio over temperature-critical for precision reference scaling |
| High-voltage tolerant inputs (≤12.5 V) | Permits direct connection to 5 V or 12 V logic domains without level-shifting circuitry |
| Resistor terminal disconnect | Allows dynamic isolation of A/W/B nodes via SHDN or TCON register-essential for power sequencing and fault containment |
Applications
| Programmable Gain Amplifier | Sensor Calibration Interface |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Adjusting closed-loop gain in instrumentation amplifiers for varying sensor output ranges (e.g., strain gauges, RTDs). IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Dual-potentiometer provides independent Rf/Rin ratio control for gain setting and offset nulling. Use Value: 257-step resolution enables <0.4% gain increments; 50 kΩ RAB matches standard op-amp feedback topologies. | Use Scenario: Compensating for unit-to-unit sensor offset and sensitivity drift in factory calibration stations. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: MCP4251-502E/P acts as programmable trim network in Wheatstone bridge or voltage-reference divider. Use Value: 15 ppm/°C ratiometric tempco ensures calibration stability across environmental test chambers (–40°C to +125°C). |
| Motor Drive Current Sense | Industrial DAC Output Scaling |
Use Scenario: Scaling shunt amplifier gain to accommodate different motor current ratings (e.g., 10 A vs. 50 A variants). IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Configures gain-setting resistors in bidirectional current-sense amplifier feedback path. Use Value: 75 Ω wiper resistance minimizes gain error contribution (<0.15% at 50 kΩ); SHDN pin enables safe shutdown during fault events. | Use Scenario: Adjusting full-scale output voltage of 12-bit DACs (e.g., MCP4922) to match actuator input requirements (0–5 V, 0–10 V, ±10 V). IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Serves as digitally controlled voltage divider on DAC VREF or output path. Use Value: SPI interface allows runtime recalibration via host MCU; volatile memory enables fast factory-set initialization. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar dual-potentiometer applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| MCP4241-502E/P | Nonvolatile EEPROM wiper memory; retains settings after power cycle | Preferred where calibration values must persist without host reinitialization | Select MCP4241-502E/P if power-loss resilience is required; MCP4251-502E/P suits systems with deterministic boot-time configuration. |
| AD5232BRUZ100 | 2.5 V to 5.5 V supply; I²C interface; 100 kΩ RAB; 256-step resolution | Better suited for I²C-based controllers; higher RAB limits current-handling capability | Choose AD5232BRUZ100 for I²C ecosystems or when 100 kΩ impedance better matches system design constraints. |
Compared with MCP4241-502E/P, the MCP4251-502E/P offers faster SPI write cycles and lower cost but requires host MCU reprogramming at startup; versus AD5232BRUZ100, it delivers higher bandwidth (200 kHz vs. ~100 kHz) and superior tempco (15 ppm vs. 35 ppm) for precision analog scaling.
Availability
MCP4251-502E/P is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for programmable gain amplifiers, sensor calibration interfaces, motor drive current sense circuits, and industrial DAC output scaling requiring stable component supply across automotive, industrial, and test equipment designs.
Supply support for MCP4251-502E/P includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Microchip Technology is a leading provider of microcontrollers, analog devices, and Flash-IP solutions, headquartered in Chandler, Arizona, with global design and manufacturing operations.
The MCP42XX family delivers dual-channel digital potentiometers optimized for precision analog trimming, sensor compensation, and programmable gain control in harsh-environment applications demanding wide temperature range and robust digital interface performance.
FAQ
What is the resistance tolerance and tempco specification for MCP4251-502E/P?
The MCP4251-502E/P has a nominal RAB value of 50 kΩ with ±20% initial tolerance. Its absolute tempco is 50 ppm/°C typical over 0°C to 70°C, while ratiometric tempco is 15 ppm/°C typical at midscale-ensuring stable voltage division ratios across temperature. These values are confirmed in DS22060B, Table 1-5 and Section 1.1.
Does MCP4251-502E/P support both SPI Mode 0,0 and Mode 1,1?
Yes, the MCP4251-502E/P supports both SPI Mode 0,0 (CPOL = 0, CPHA = 0) and Mode 1,1 (CPOL = 1, CPHA = 1) as specified in DS22060B, Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2. Timing parameters-including setup/hold times and SCK frequency limits-are fully characterized for both modes across the 1.8 V to 5.5 V supply range.
How does the SHDN pin function on MCP4251-502E/P?
The SHDN pin on MCP4251-502E/P is an active-low hardware control that disconnects both resistor networks from internal circuitry when asserted, placing all A/W/B terminals in high-impedance state. This feature enables low-power sleep mode and fault isolation without requiring SPI commands-verified in DS22060B, Section 1.0 and Figure 2-64.
What is the maximum operating frequency for the MCP4251-502E/P's 50 kΩ resistor network?
The MCP4251-502E/P achieves a –3 dB bandwidth of 200 kHz typical for its 50 kΩ resistor network at midscale (code 80h), as measured with 30 pF load per DS22060B, Table 1-5. Bandwidth scales inversely with RAB value-e.g., 5 kΩ devices reach 2 MHz-making 50 kΩ optimal for DC-coupled trimming rather than high-frequency signal paths.
Is MCP4251-502E/P pin-compatible with other devices in the MCP42XX family?
Yes, the MCP4251-502E/P shares identical 14-pin PDIP pinout with MCP4231-502E/P, MCP4241-502E/P, and MCP4261-502E/P as shown in DS22060B, Package Types diagram. All share identical terminal assignments (P0A/P0W/P0B/P1A/P1W/P1B/SHDN/SDO/WP/VDD/CS/SDI/SCK/VSS), enabling drop-in replacement within the same RAB and resolution grade.
MCP4251-502E/P Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Microchip Technology
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 14-DIP (0.300", 7.62mm)
- Packaging:
- Tube
- Product Status:
- Active
- Programmable:
- Not Verified
- Taper:
- Linear
- Configuration:
- Potentiometer
- Number of Circuits:
- 2
- Number of Taps:
- 257
- Resistance (Ohms):
- 5k
- Interface:
- SPI
- Memory Type:
- Volatile
- Voltage - Supply:
- 1.8V ~ 5.5V
- Features:
- -
- Tolerance:
- ±20%
- Temperature Coefficient (Typ):
- 150ppm/°C
- Mounting Type:
- Through Hole
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Supplier Device Package:
- 14-PDIP
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 125°C
- Resistance - Wiper (Ohms) (Typ):
- 75
MCP4251-502E/P FAQ
1.How can I place an order for MCP4251-502E/P through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for MCP4251-502E/P on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for MCP4251-502E/P reliable?
The price and inventory of MCP4251-502E/P are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for MCP4251-502E/P is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for MCP4251-502E/P?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for MCP4251-502E/P transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for MCP4251-502E/P?
MCP4251-502E/P orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your MCP4251-502E/P order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for MCP4251-502E/P?
For technical support, including MCP4251-502E/P datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your MCP4251-502E/P requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that MCP4251-502E/P is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All MCP4251-502E/P products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that MCP4251-502E/P meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of MCP4251-502E/P?
All MCP4251-502E/P units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with MCP4251-502E/P, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The MCP4251-502E/P part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for MCP4251-502E/P:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
MCP4251-502E/P Tags
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MCP4018T-103E/LT
Microchip Technology
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MCP4018T-503E/LT
Microchip Technology
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MCP4011T-103E/SN
Microchip Technology
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MCP4018T-104E/LT
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MCP4017T-503E/LT
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MCP4018T-502E/LT
Microchip Technology
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MCP4017T-103E/LT
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MCP4531T-103E/MF
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MCP4021T-202E/SN
Microchip Technology
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MCP4023T-103E/CH
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MCP4022T-503E/CH
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MCP4551T-502E/MS
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