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Microchip Technology MCP4451T-502E/ML
- Part No.:
- MCP4451T-502E/ML
- Manufacturer:
- Microchip Technology
- Category:
- Digital Potentiometers
- Package:
- 20-VFQFN Exposed Pad
- Datasheet:
-
MCP4451T-502E/ML.pdf
- Description:
- IC DGTL POT 5KOHM 257TAP 20QFN
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:3,169
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Product details
Overview
MCP4451T-502E/ML from Microchip Technology is a volatile 8-bit quad digital potentiometer with I²C interface, 50 kΩ end-to-end resistance, 257-tap resolution, ±20% resistance tolerance, and low 75 Ω typical wiper resistance - used for precision gain/offset trimming in analog front-ends of industrial sensor signal chains.
For engineers reviewing the MCP4451T-502E/ML datasheet, MCP4451T-502E/ML pinout, MCP4451T-502E/ML application, or MCP4451T-502E/ML equivalent, key selection criteria include I²C speed support (up to 3.4 MHz), extended temperature operation (–40°C to +125°C), resistor network terminal disconnect capability via TCON registers, reset input functionality, and compatibility with split-rail analog supplies.
Technical Context
The MCP4451T-502E/ML integrates four independent 8-bit RAB resistor networks (50 kΩ nominal) with digitally controlled wipers, each accessible via I²C addressable registers. Its architecture supports both potentiometer (three-terminal) and rheostat (two-terminal) configurations through external terminal wiring and internal TCON register control.
It features volatile wiper memory with mid-scale power-on reset, brown-out detection at 1.65 V typical, and high-voltage tolerant digital inputs (up to 12.5 V on HVC/A0, A1, RESET, SDA, SCL). The device operates across 1.8 V to 5.5 V supply range, with analog performance specified from 2.7 V to 5.5 V.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Resistance value | 50 kΩ ±20% - defines full-scale analog range for gain/attenuation calibration |
| Resolution | 8-bit (257 taps) - enables 0.39% step resolution for fine analog tuning |
| Wiper resistance | 75 Ω typical - minimizes insertion error in low-impedance feedback paths |
| I²C speed support | 100 kHz / 400 kHz / 3.4 MHz - allows fast wiper updates in real-time control loops |
| Operating temperature | –40°C to +125°C - qualified for under-hood automotive and industrial ambient environments |
| Supply voltage range | 1.8 V to 5.5 V - supports mixed-signal systems with 1.8 V logic and 5 V analog rails |
| Brown-out threshold | 1.65 V typical - ensures reliable wiper state initialization during power ramp-up |
Pinout & Package
Package: 20-pin QFN (4 mm × 4 mm, exposed pad), RoHS-compliant, moisture sensitivity level 3.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| VDD | Positive supply | 1.8–5.5 V analog/digital core supply; powers all resistor networks and I²C logic |
| VSS | Ground reference | Common return for analog and digital sections; must be low-impedance |
| SCL | I²C clock input | Accepts standard-mode (100 kHz), fast-mode (400 kHz), and high-speed (3.4 MHz) clocks |
| SDA | I²C bidirectional data | Open-drain I²C bus line; requires external pull-up; supports repeated START/STOP |
| HVC/A0 | High-voltage control / address bit | Enables WiperLock™ when driven >9 V; also serves as LSB I²C address bit (A0) |
| A1 | I²C address bit | MSB of 7-bit I²C slave address; sets device address alongside HVC/A0 |
| RESET | Asynchronous reset input | Active-low; forces all wipers to mid-scale and clears TCON registers on rising edge |
| P0A–P0B, P1A–P1B, P2A–P2B, P3A–P3B | Resistor network terminals | Four independent A–W–B networks; A/B define end points, W is wiper; floating A or B enables rheostat mode |
| P0W–P3W | Wiper outputs | Low-impedance wiper nodes (75 Ω typical); connect to op-amp feedback or bias paths |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Quad 8-bit RAB networks | Four independent 50 kΩ, 257-tap digital potentiometers in one QFN-20 package - reduces board space vs discrete solutions |
| Terminal disconnect via TCON | Software-controllable open-circuit mode for individual A/W/B terminals - eliminates leakage paths during sleep or fault states |
| High-voltage tolerant inputs | HVC/A0, A1, RESET, SDA, SCL tolerate up to 12.5 V - enables direct interfacing with 5 V/12 V systems without level shifters |
| Split-rail analog support | Resistor networks operate with VA/VB referenced to VSS or offset rails - supports bipolar op-amp configurations |
| Extended temperature grade | Specified from –40°C to +125°C - meets AEC-Q100 Grade 1 requirements for automotive under-hood use |
Applications
| Programmable Gain Amplifier Calibration | DC Bias Voltage Adjustment |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Calibrating gain in a programmable instrumentation amplifier used in a multi-range current sensing module. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: MCP4451T-502E/ML provides precise, software-adjustable feedback resistance in the amplifier's gain-setting network. Use Value: Enables factory and field calibration of gain accuracy to ±0.5% using 8-bit resolution and low 75 Ω wiper resistance - minimizing gain error drift over temperature. | Use Scenario: Setting adjustable DC bias points for analog front-end amplifiers in a thermocouple measurement system. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: MCP4451T-502E/ML acts as a digitally tuned voltage divider to generate stable, temperature-compensated reference offsets. Use Value: Delivers ratiometric tempco of 15 ppm/°C in potentiometer mode - ensuring bias stability across –40°C to +125°C without external compensation. |
| LED Current Regulation Trim | Industrial Sensor Signal Conditioning |
Use Scenario: Fine-tuning LED driver current setpoints in an adaptive lighting controller for varying thermal conditions. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: MCP4451T-502E/ML configures as a rheostat in the current-sense feedback path of a constant-current LED driver IC. Use Value: Supports 3.4 MHz I²C writes for real-time current adjustment; 50 kΩ range and 257-step resolution enable 0.2% current granularity with minimal thermal derating. | Use Scenario: Compensating for sensor element tolerances and PCB trace variations in a pressure transducer signal chain. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: MCP4451T-502E/ML implements zero and span calibration in the analog conditioning stage before ADC digitization. Use Value: Absolute tempco of 50 ppm/°C (0°C–70°C) and full-scale/zero-scale error <±0.5 LSb ensure calibrated output accuracy remains within 0.1% FS over industrial temperature range. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar digital potentiometer applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD5204BRUZ10 | Quad 10 kΩ, 256-tap, SPI interface, nonvolatile EEPROM wiper storage | Lacks I²C support and high-voltage input tolerance; requires separate SPI master and write-cycle delay handling | Select when nonvolatile wiper retention is required and SPI is preferred over I²C |
| MCP4551T-502E/ML | Same 50 kΩ, 8-bit, QFN-20 package but with EEPROM wiper memory and WiperLock™ enabled | Retains last wiper position after power cycle; supports secure high-voltage programming lockout | Select when power-loss recovery or configuration security is critical; otherwise MCP4451T-502E/ML offers lower cost and faster I²C writes |
Compared with AD5204BRUZ10 and MCP4551T-502E/ML, the MCP4451T-502E/ML delivers optimal balance of I²C speed (3.4 MHz), wide supply range (1.8–5.5 V), and high-voltage input tolerance - making it ideal for dynamic, real-time analog trimming in resource-constrained embedded systems where volatile settings are acceptable.
Availability
MCP4451T-502E/ML is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for industrial sensor calibration, automotive cabin electronics, and programmable power supply trimming requiring stable component supply and long-term production continuity.
Supply support for MCP4451T-502E/ML includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Microchip Technology is a leading provider of microcontrollers, analog components, and connectivity solutions, serving industrial, automotive, and consumer markets with high-reliability silicon and development tools.
The MCP44xx/45xx family is designed for precision analog trimming and calibration tasks in mixed-signal systems - emphasizing low wiper resistance, wide temperature operation, and flexible digital interfaces like I²C and SPI.
FAQ
What is the resistance tolerance and tempco specification for MCP4451T-502E/ML?
The MCP4451T-502E/ML has a nominal end-to-end resistance of 50 kΩ with ±20% initial tolerance. Its absolute tempco is 50 ppm/°C (0°C to +70°C) in rheostat mode and 15 ppm/°C ratiometric tempco in potentiometer mode at mid-scale - verified per DS22267A-page 5. These values directly impact calibration stability in temperature-varying environments.
Does MCP4451T-502E/ML support I²C communication at 3.4 MHz, and what are the bus loading requirements?
Yes, MCP4451T-502E/ML supports high-speed I²C mode up to 3.4 MHz, but requires bus capacitance ≤100 pF (per DS22267A-page 13, Table 1-2). This necessitates short trace lengths or active bus buffering in dense layouts - unlike 100 kHz mode which allows up to 400 pF loading.
How does the RESET pin function on MCP4451T-502E/ML, and what is its timing behavior?
The RESET pin on MCP4451T-502E/ML is asynchronous and active-low. A rising edge forces all four wipers to mid-scale (128 for 8-bit) and resets TCON registers to connect all terminals. Per DS22267A-page 12, the minimum RESET pulse width is 50 ns, and wiper update completes within 20 µs after VDD exceeds the 1.65 V brown-out threshold.
Can MCP4451T-502E/ML be used in split-rail analog circuits, and how are the resistor terminals biased?
Yes, MCP4451T-502E/ML supports split-rail operation: terminals PxA, PxW, and PxB accept voltages from VSS to VDD (DS22267A-page 6). When used with dual supplies, VA and VB may be referenced to negative and positive rails respectively - enabling bipolar op-amp configurations without external level-shifting circuitry.
What is the maximum current rating for the wiper and end terminals of MCP4451T-502E/ML?
Per DS22267A-page 6, the maximum continuous current through any single terminal (A, W, or B) is ±2.5 mA. The maximum RAB current (between A and B) is 1.38 mA for 5 kΩ devices at 5.5 V, scaling inversely with resistance - e.g., 0.069 mA for 50 kΩ at 5.5 V. Exceeding these limits risks parametric shift or permanent damage.
MCP4451T-502E/ML Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Microchip Technology
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 20-VFQFN Exposed Pad
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Active
- Programmable:
- Not Verified
- Taper:
- Linear
- Configuration:
- Potentiometer
- Number of Circuits:
- 4
- Number of Taps:
- 257
- Resistance (Ohms):
- 5k
- Interface:
- I2C
- Memory Type:
- Volatile
- Voltage - Supply:
- 1.8V ~ 5.5V
- Features:
- Mute, Selectable Address
- Tolerance:
- ±20%
- Temperature Coefficient (Typ):
- 150ppm/°C
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Supplier Device Package:
- 20-QFN (4x4)
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 125°C
- Resistance - Wiper (Ohms) (Typ):
- 75
MCP4451T-502E/ML FAQ
1.How can I place an order for MCP4451T-502E/ML through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for MCP4451T-502E/ML on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for MCP4451T-502E/ML reliable?
The price and inventory of MCP4451T-502E/ML are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for MCP4451T-502E/ML is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for MCP4451T-502E/ML?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for MCP4451T-502E/ML transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for MCP4451T-502E/ML?
MCP4451T-502E/ML orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your MCP4451T-502E/ML order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for MCP4451T-502E/ML?
For technical support, including MCP4451T-502E/ML datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your MCP4451T-502E/ML requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that MCP4451T-502E/ML is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All MCP4451T-502E/ML products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that MCP4451T-502E/ML meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of MCP4451T-502E/ML?
All MCP4451T-502E/ML units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with MCP4451T-502E/ML, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The MCP4451T-502E/ML part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for MCP4451T-502E/ML:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
MCP4451T-502E/ML Tags
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