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Microchip Technology MCP4451T-502E/ST
- Part No.:
- MCP4451T-502E/ST
- Manufacturer:
- Microchip Technology
- Category:
- Digital Potentiometers
- Package:
- 20-TSSOP (0.173", 4.40mm Width)
- Datasheet:
-
MCP4451T-502E/ST.pdf
- Description:
- IC DGTL POT 5KOHM 257TAP 20TSSOP
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:3,158
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Product details
Overview
MCP4451T-502E/ST from Microchip Technology is a volatile 8-bit quad digital potentiometer with I²C interface, 50 kΩ RAB resistance, TSSOP-20 package, and mid-scale power-on wiper reset. It delivers 257-tap resolution, 75 Ω typical wiper resistance, ±0.5 LSb INL (potentiometer mode), and operates from 1.8V to 5.5V for precision analog trimming in sensor signal conditioning circuits.
For engineers reviewing the MCP4451T-502E/ST datasheet, MCP4451T-502E/ST pinout, MCP4451T-502E/ST application, or MCP4451T-502E/ST equivalent, key selection criteria include I²C speed support up to 3.4 MHz, resistor network terminal disconnect via TCON register, brown-out reset at 1.65 V, low 2.5 µA serial-inactive current, and high-voltage tolerant digital inputs up to 12.5 V.
Technical Context
The MCP4451T-502E/ST integrates four independent 50 kΩ resistor networks, each with 257-position wiper control via I²C. Its architecture supports both potentiometer (three-terminal) and rheostat (two-terminal) configurations by floating either A or B terminal. Wiper position is stored in volatile RAM and resets to mid-scale (0x80) on power-up or RESET assertion.
Digital control logic includes dual TCON registers for per-network terminal disconnect, HVC/A0 pin enabling high-voltage command entry (9–12.5 V), and Schmitt-triggered SCL/SDA inputs supporting standard (100 kHz), fast (400 kHz), and high-speed (3.4 MHz) I²C modes. Internal weak pull-ups exist on all digital inputs except SCL and SDA.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| RAB Resistance | 50 kΩ ±20% - defines full-scale analog attenuation range and sets current-handling capability (max IAB = 0.138 mA at 5.5 V) |
| Resolution | 8-bit / 257 taps - enables fine-grained gain/offset adjustment with no missing codes |
| Wiper Resistance | 75 Ω typical - minimizes insertion error in voltage-divider configurations |
| INL (Potentiometer) | ±0.5 LSb - ensures monotonicity and predictable transfer function across temperature |
| I²C Speed Support | Up to 3.4 MHz - allows rapid wiper updates in closed-loop calibration systems |
| Operating Voltage | 1.8 V to 5.5 V - supports mixed-signal designs with 1.8 V logic and 5 V analog rails |
| Tempco (Ratiometric) | 15 ppm/°C - maintains stable voltage division ratio over -40°C to +125°C |
Pinout & Package
TSSOP-20 package: 6.5 mm × 4.4 mm body, 0.65 mm pitch, exposed pad not present. Pin 1 marked by dot; pin numbering follows standard TSSOP convention (counterclockwise from top-left corner).
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| VDD | Positive supply | Power rail for internal logic and resistor networks (1.8–5.5 V) |
| VSS | Ground reference | Common return for analog and digital sections |
| SCL | I²C clock input | Schmitt-triggered, supports 100 kHz–3.4 MHz; requires external pull-up |
| SDA | I²C data bidirectional | Open-drain, Schmitt-triggered, supports same speeds as SCL |
| HVC/A0 | High-voltage command / address bit 0 | Accepts 9–12.5 V for WiperLock activation; also serves as I²C slave address LSB |
| A1 | I²C slave address bit 1 | Configures one of four possible I²C addresses (0x2C–0x2F) |
| RESET | Active-low hardware reset | Forces all wipers to mid-scale and clears TCON registers |
| P0A–P0B, P1A–P1B, P2A–P2B, P3A–P3B | Resistor network terminals | Four independent A–W–B networks; A/B define end points, W is wiper |
| P0W–P3W | Wiper outputs | Low-impedance analog outputs; connected internally to respective RAB networks |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Quad 50 kΩ resistor networks | Enables simultaneous trimming of four analog paths (e.g., multi-channel sensor front-ends) |
| Terminal disconnect via TCON register | Allows complete isolation of individual RAB networks to prevent loading or crosstalk |
| Brown-out reset at 1.65 V | Guarantees known wiper state during power ramp-up or brownout events |
| High-voltage tolerant digital inputs | Permits direct connection to 12 V control signals without level-shifting circuitry |
| Split-rail operation support | Enables use with bipolar supplies when VSS is grounded and analog signals swing below VSS |
Applications
| Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calibration | LED Current Source Trimming |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Calibrating gain of a 3-op-amp instrumentation amplifier in medical ECG front-end. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: MCP4451T-502E/ST configures feedback resistor ratio in real time during factory calibration. Use Value: Achieves <±0.1% gain accuracy after calibration using its 15 ppm/°C ratiometric tempco and 257-step resolution. | Use Scenario: Setting precise LED drive current in automotive interior lighting modules. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: MCP4451T-502E/ST adjusts current-sense resistor value in constant-current source topology. Use Value: Enables 0.5% current matching across production units with 75 Ω low wiper resistance minimizing offset error. |
| Multi-Channel Sensor Signal Conditioning | Programmable Filter Cutoff Adjustment |
Use Scenario: Compensating offset and gain drift across four RTD temperature channels in industrial PLC analog input module. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: MCP4451T-502E/ST provides individual offset nulling and span scaling per channel via I²C. Use Value: Delivers channel-to-channel tracking within 100 ppm/°C using matched RAB networks and shared TCON control. | Use Scenario: Dynamically tuning cutoff frequency of 2nd-order active low-pass filters in audio processing ASIC test fixtures. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: MCP4451T-502E/ST sets RC time constants in filter feedback paths under microcontroller control. Use Value: Supports 10:1 cutoff range adjustment with <1% step error due to 50 kΩ ±20% tolerance and 257-tap granularity. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar quad digital potentiometer applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| MCP4461T-502E/ST | Non-volatile EEPROM wiper memory; WiperLock enabled; 2.7–5.5 V only | Retains last wiper setting through power cycles; suited for unattended field equipment | Select when persistent wiper state is required; note higher VDD min and lack of 1.8 V operation |
| AD5204BRUZ10 | 3-wire SPI interface; 10 kΩ RAB; 14-TSSOP; no HVC or TCON features | Lacks I²C compatibility and terminal disconnect; simpler control but less flexible configuration | Select when SPI-native host exists and 10 kΩ resistance suffices; verify 12.5 V input tolerance not needed |
Compared with MCP4461T-502E/ST and AD5204BRUZ10, the MCP4451T-502E/ST offers unique 1.8 V operation, 3.4 MHz I²C speed, and per-network terminal disconnect-critical for low-power, high-speed, or isolated analog path designs where volatile reset behavior is acceptable.
Availability
MCP4451T-502E/ST is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for industrial sensor calibration, automotive lighting control, and medical instrumentation requiring stable component supply with full traceability and long-term lifecycle support.
Supply support for MCP4451T-502E/ST includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Microchip Technology Inc. is a leading provider of microcontrollers, analog components, and Flash-IP solutions, headquartered in Chandler, Arizona.
The MCP44xx family targets precision analog trimming in space-constrained, mixed-signal systems-designed specifically for replacing mechanical potentiometers in automated calibration, sensor compensation, and programmable gain applications.
FAQ
What is the power-on wiper position for the MCP4451T-502E/ST?
The MCP4451T-502E/ST resets its wipers to mid-scale (0x80 for 8-bit) on power-up or RESET assertion. This behavior is guaranteed by internal POR/BOR circuitry with 1.65 V threshold, ensuring repeatable startup state without external initialization firmware.
Does the MCP4451T-502E/ST support I²C clock stretching?
No, the MCP4451T-502E/ST does not support I²C clock stretching. It operates as a standard I²C slave with fixed timing compliance per DS22267A: THIGH/TLOW meet 3.4 MHz spec at 4.5–5.5 V, and data hold time (THD:DAT) is 0 ns-requiring master-controlled timing alignment.
Can the MCP4451T-502E/ST be used in rheostat mode?
Yes, the MCP4451T-502E/ST supports rheostat configuration by floating either terminal A or B of any RAB network. In this mode, the device functions as a two-terminal variable resistor, with wiper (W) and the connected terminal (A or B) forming the effective resistance path.
What is the maximum operating temperature range for the MCP4451T-502E/ST?
The MCP4451T-502E/ST is rated for operation from –40°C to +125°C ambient temperature. All electrical specifications-including RAB tolerance, INL, and I²C timing-are validated across this extended range, making it suitable for under-hood automotive and industrial environments.
Is the HVC/A0 pin required for normal I²C operation of the MCP4451T-502E/ST?
No, the HVC/A0 pin is not required for standard I²C communication. When driven to VIH or VIL (not VIHH), it functions solely as I²C slave address bit A0. VIHH (9–12.5 V) is only needed to activate WiperLock or write to protected registers-otherwise, standard 0–VDD logic levels suffice.
MCP4451T-502E/ST Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Microchip Technology
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 20-TSSOP (0.173", 4.40mm Width)
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Active
- Programmable:
- Not Verified
- Taper:
- Linear
- Configuration:
- Potentiometer
- Number of Circuits:
- 4
- Number of Taps:
- 257
- Resistance (Ohms):
- 5k
- Interface:
- I2C
- Memory Type:
- Volatile
- Voltage - Supply:
- 1.8V ~ 5.5V
- Features:
- Mute, Selectable Address
- Tolerance:
- ±20%
- Temperature Coefficient (Typ):
- 150ppm/°C
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Supplier Device Package:
- 20-TSSOP
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 125°C
- Resistance - Wiper (Ohms) (Typ):
- 75
MCP4451T-502E/ST FAQ
1.How can I place an order for MCP4451T-502E/ST through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for MCP4451T-502E/ST on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for MCP4451T-502E/ST reliable?
The price and inventory of MCP4451T-502E/ST are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for MCP4451T-502E/ST is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for MCP4451T-502E/ST?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for MCP4451T-502E/ST transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for MCP4451T-502E/ST?
MCP4451T-502E/ST orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your MCP4451T-502E/ST order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for MCP4451T-502E/ST?
For technical support, including MCP4451T-502E/ST datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your MCP4451T-502E/ST requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that MCP4451T-502E/ST is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All MCP4451T-502E/ST products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that MCP4451T-502E/ST meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of MCP4451T-502E/ST?
All MCP4451T-502E/ST units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with MCP4451T-502E/ST, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The MCP4451T-502E/ST part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for MCP4451T-502E/ST:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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