Monolithic Power Systems Inc. MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P

Overview

MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P from Monolithic Power Systems is a 2–16 series-cell lithium-ion battery pack fuel gauge IC that estimates per-cell and pack state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH), remaining runtime, charge time, and instantaneous available power. It features on-board lifetime logging, adaptive learning for SOH tracking, and supports MP279x AFEs to achieve ±3% SOC accuracy. Used in light EVs and industrial energy storage systems.

For engineers reviewing the MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P datasheet, MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P pinout, MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P application, or MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P equivalent, key selection considerations include I²C interface robustness (400 kHz with CRC), low-power operating modes (135 µA avg. during rest), TQFN-32 package thermal performance (θJA = 47°C/W), and compatibility with multi-cell analog front-ends beyond MP279x.

Technical Context

The MPF42792 operates as a host-controlled fuel gauge co-processor: it does not measure voltage/current directly but relies on external AFE inputs (e.g., VRDG_CELLxx, IRDG_CELLxx registers) synchronized via EXE_CMD triggers. Its internal algorithm fuses cell-level data with adaptive learning models to refine SOC/SOH across temperature and aging conditions.

It implements three distinct power states-Active (I²C + computation), Standby (idle wait), and Disabled (CE-driven 6 µA shutdown)-with configurable interrupt events (IRQ) including execution completion and threshold alerts. The I²C slave interface uses a default 7-bit address (0x08), supports CRC-32 integrity checking, and enforces strict register-map access rules.

Key Specifications

Pinout & Package

TQFN-32 (4 mm × 4 mm) package with exposed thermal pad (Pin 33) requiring soldered GND connection for thermal management and EMI reduction.

Key Features

Applications

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar battery fuel gauge applications.

Compared with BQ34Z100-G1 and MAX17055, the MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P uniquely balances AFE flexibility, industrial-grade thermal range, and on-device SOH evolution modeling-making it optimal for high-reliability, field-upgradable BMS architectures.

Availability

MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for light EVs, energy storage systems, industrial mobile robots, and cordless power tools requiring stable component supply across multi-year production cycles.

Supply support for MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) is a fabless semiconductor company specializing in high-performance power management ICs, with design centers in the US, China, and Taiwan.

The MPF42792 belongs to MPS's Battery Management portfolio, engineered specifically for high-accuracy, scalable fuel gauging in multi-cell lithium packs used in transportation and industrial energy systems.

FAQ

What is the minimum number of series cells supported by the MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P?

The MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P supports 2 to 16 series-connected lithium-ion cells. It requires valid voltage readings for at least two cells (VRDG_CELL1 and VRDG_CELL2) to initialize fuel gauge calculations-operation with a single cell is not supported.

Does the MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P include an integrated ADC or sense resistor interface?

No. The MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P is a pure fuel gauge algorithm engine-it accepts digitized cell voltage, current, and temperature values via I²C registers (e.g., VRDG_CELLx, IRDG_CELLx) from an external AFE or MCU ADC subsystem. It has no analog inputs or current-sense amplifiers.

How is the 3% SOC accuracy achieved, and under what conditions does it apply?

The ±3% SOC accuracy is validated when paired with MPS MP279x AFEs at 15–35°C ambient, with charge/discharge currents ≤0.5C. Accuracy degrades to ±4% at 2C rates and ±3% at 10–50°C, as specified in the Electrical Characteristics table on page 7 of the Rev. 1.0 datasheet.

Can the MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P operate without an external microcontroller?

No. The device requires continuous host MCU coordination: the MCU must sample AFE data, write it to VRDG/IRDG registers, issue EXE_CMD to trigger computation, poll FG_EXE_FLAG, and read back SOC/SOH results. There is no autonomous operation mode.

Is the default I²C address fixed, or can it be changed in-system?

The default I²C slave address is 0x08, but it is fully reprogrammable via a CRC-protected I²C write to register 0x4100. The new address persists in non-volatile memory after CONFIG_EXIT_CMD, enabling multi-device addressing on shared buses.

What is the function of the CE pin, and how does it differ from nRST?

The CE (chip enable) pin disables I²C communication and halts fuel gauge computation while retaining all internal state variables in memory-reducing current to 6 µA. In contrast, nRST performs a full functional reset, clearing registers and requiring reinitialization, but does not reduce current consumption.

Does the MPF42792DRT-0B-0000-P support lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) cells?

Yes. The datasheet explicitly states support for "a wide variety of lithium cells," and application examples include LiFePO₄ in energy storage systems. Cell model parameters must be configured during setup to match LiFePO₄ voltage curves and aging behavior.