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Monolithic Power Systems Inc. MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z
- Part No.:
- MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z
- Manufacturer:
- Monolithic Power Systems Inc.
- Package:
- 12-PowerVFQFN
- Datasheet:
-
MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z.pdf
- Description:
- IC REG BUCK ADJ 1A 12QFN
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:5,000
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Product details
Overview
MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z from Monolithic Power Systems is an AEC-Q100 Grade-1 qualified, synchronous step-down DC/DC converter with integrated 70mΩ high-side and 50mΩ low-side MOSFETs, delivering 1A continuous output current. It operates from 3.3V to 36V input, tolerates 42V automotive load dump, supports cold-crank down to 3.1V, and features 1μA shutdown quiescent current-enabling use in always-on automotive infotainment and ADAS power rails.
For engineers reviewing the MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z datasheet, MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z pinout, MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z application, or MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z equivalent, key selection criteria include its 350kHz–2.5MHz configurable switching frequency, 65ns minimum on-time for high-duty-cycle operation, CISPR25 Class 5 EMI compliance, and QFN-12 (2mm×3mm) wettable flank package optimized for automotive thermal and reliability requirements.
Technical Context
The MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z implements peak current mode control with frequency foldback during startup to prevent inductor current runaway. Its advanced asynchronous mode (AAM) dynamically scales switching frequency under light loads to minimize gate-driving and switching losses-achieving >90% efficiency at 10mA output while maintaining 20μA sleep-mode IQ.
Thermal management is enhanced by MeshConnect™ flip-chip packaging and dual VIN/PGND pins for low-impedance power routing. The device integrates hiccup-mode over-current protection, thermal shutdown at 175°C (20°C hysteresis), and a dedicated open-drain power-good signal with ±1.5% threshold hysteresis referenced to 0.8V FB voltage.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Input Voltage Range | 3.3V to 36V operating; withstands 42V transient load dump per ISO16750-enables direct battery connection in 12V/24V automotive systems. |
| Output Current | 1A continuous; supported by integrated 70mΩ HS / 50mΩ LS MOSFETs-eliminates need for external power switches in compact designs. |
| Quiescent Current | 1μA in shutdown; 20μA in sleep mode-extends battery life in always-on vehicle modules like telematics and domain controllers. |
| Switching Frequency | Configurable 350kHz–2.5MHz via external resistor; ±10% spread-spectrum modulation-reduces EMI peak emissions for CISPR25 Class 5 compliance. |
| Feedback Reference | 0.8V ±0.6% over -40°C to +150°C-ensures stable 5V or 3.3V output regulation across full automotive temperature range. |
| Minimum On/Off Time | 65ns / 50ns-supports high step-down ratios (e.g., 24V→3.3V) and cold-crank operation down to 3.1V input without dropout. |
| Power Good Accuracy | ±1.5% window (94.5%–105.5% of VREF)-provides reliable system reset signaling for microcontrollers and sensors. |
Pinout & Package
MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z uses a QFN-12 (2mm × 3mm) package with wettable flanks for automated optical inspection (AOI) and improved solder joint reliability in automotive reflow processes.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1, 11 PGND | Power ground return | Dual low-inductance ground paths minimize switching noise coupling into sensitive analog circuits. |
| 2, 10 VIN | Main input supply | Internally connected pair; requires separate 10µF ceramic decoupling capacitors placed adjacent to each pin for EMI suppression. |
| 3 BOOT | High-side gate driver supply | Connected between BOOT and SW via 0.1µF ceramic capacitor-enables robust high-side MOSFET turn-on during high-duty cycles. |
| 4 FREQ | Frequency configuration | Resistor-to-ground sets switching frequency; enables precise EMI tuning and optimization for magnetics size vs. efficiency trade-offs. |
| 5 VCC | Bias regulator output | Internal LDO supplies gate drivers and control logic; requires ≥1µF ceramic capacitor to AGND for stability under load transients. |
| 6 AGND | Analog ground reference | Separate ground for FB, PG, EN-prevents digital switching noise from degrading feedback accuracy and enable threshold precision. |
| 7 FB | Feedback input | 0.8V reference node; connects to resistor divider for adjustable outputs or directly to VOUT for fixed versions-defines regulated output voltage. |
| 8 PG | Power good indicator | Open-drain output; pulled high externally to confirm VOUT is within ±5.5% tolerance-used for processor reset sequencing and system health monitoring. |
| 9 EN | Enable control | Logic-level input with 0.85V falling / 1.02V rising thresholds; no internal pull-up/down-requires explicit MCU or PMIC control for power sequencing. |
| 12 SW | Switch node | Connection point between HS drain and LS source; routes high di/dt currents-must be routed with minimal loop area to reduce radiated EMI. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| 42V Load Dump Tolerance | Withstands ISO16750-2 pulse 5a transients without latch-up or parameter shift-enables direct integration into front-end power stages of automotive ECUs. |
| Low-Dropout Mode | Maintains regulation down to 3.1V input at full 1A load-critical for engine start-stop and cold-crank scenarios where battery voltage collapses. |
| Wettable Flank QFN | Side-wettable leads enable AOI-compatible solder joint inspection-meets IPC-A-610 Class 3 requirements for automotive production traceability. |
| CISPR25 Class 5 Compliance | Passes conducted/radiated emissions limits with standard filter design-reduces need for additional EMI filtering components and board space. |
| Thermal Shutdown with Hysteresis | Triggers at 175°C with 20°C hysteresis-prevents thermal cycling damage and ensures safe recovery after overload or poor heatsinking conditions. |
Applications
| Automotive Infotainment | Automotive Clusters |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Powering SoC, display controller, and audio codec in head-unit systems with wide input voltage variation during engine cranking and alternator load dump. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary 5V/3.3V buck regulator supplying core logic and interface I/O rails. Use Value: 1μA shutdown current extends battery backup runtime; 42V tolerance eliminates need for upstream TVS clamping. | Use Scenario: Supplying instrument cluster MCU, TFT LCD bias, and CAN transceiver in harsh under-hood environments with ambient temperatures up to +105°C. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: High-reliability point-of-load converter with AEC-Q100 Grade-1 qualification and -40°C to +150°C junction rating. Use Value: Wettable flank QFN ensures solder joint integrity during thermal cycling; CISPR25 Class 5 compliance avoids EMI redesign iterations. |
| Advanced Driver Assistance Systems | Industrial Power Systems |
Use Scenario: Providing clean, regulated 3.3V for radar sensor DSPs and camera image signal processors exposed to vibration and rapid temperature swings. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Low-noise, high-PG-accuracy power source with fast transient response for real-time processing units. Use Value: 65ns minimum on-time enables stable 24V→3.3V conversion at high duty cycle; PG signal synchronizes sensor initialization sequences. | Use Scenario: Replacing legacy linear regulators in industrial HMIs and programmable logic controllers requiring extended input range and low standby power. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Automotive-grade buck converter deployed in non-automotive applications demanding high reliability and long-term supply continuity. Use Value: AEC-Q100 qualification provides confidence in lifetime performance; 3.3V–36V input range accommodates 24VDC factory automation buses. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar synchronous step-down converter applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| MPQ4321GDE-5-AEC1-Z | Fixed 5V output; no external feedback divider required-reduces BOM count and layout area. | Suitable for systems with static 5V rail requirements; lacks output adjustability. | Select when output voltage is fixed and board space is constrained; identical thermal and EMC performance. |
| MPQ4321GLE-AEC1-Z | Larger QFN-12 (3mm×4mm) package with lower θJA (50°C/W vs. 60°C/W) and higher power dissipation (3.6W vs. 3.5W). | Better thermal margin for high-ambient or high-power-density applications; same pinout but larger footprint. | Select when thermal headroom is critical and PCB area permits larger package; identical electrical specs. |
Compared with MPQ4321GDE-5-AEC1-Z, this adjustable version offers design flexibility across multiple output voltages using one BOM; compared with MPQ4321GLE-AEC1-Z, it trades 0.1W power handling and 10°C/W thermal resistance for 33% smaller footprint-ideal for space-constrained infotainment modules.
Availability
MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for automotive infotainment, instrument clusters, and ADAS applications requiring stable component supply, AEC-Q100 qualification, and long-term production support.
Supply support for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) is a fabless semiconductor company specializing in high-performance power management ICs, with design centers in the US, China, and Taiwan, and global manufacturing partnerships.
The MPQ4321 product line delivers ultra-compact, AEC-Q100-qualified DC/DC converters optimized for automotive subsystems requiring high efficiency, low quiescent current, and robust transient immunity-including infotainment, clusters, and ADAS domains.
FAQ
What is the maximum allowable input voltage for continuous operation?
The MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z supports continuous operation up to 36V input. It withstands 42V transients per ISO16750-2 Pulse 5a for automotive load dump events, but sustained voltage above 36V may trigger over-voltage protection (rising threshold at 37.5V) and shut down the device.
How does the frequency foldback feature improve startup reliability?
During startup, frequency foldback reduces switching frequency when output voltage is low-limiting peak inductor current and preventing current runaway before regulation is established. This avoids false OCP triggering and ensures robust soft-start into heavy capacitive loads typical in automotive modules.
Can the PG pin be left floating if not used?
No. The PG pin must be either connected to a pull-up resistor (typically 10kΩ to VOUT or VCC) or actively driven. Floating PG may cause undefined logic states, leading to incorrect system reset behavior or unintended power sequencing failures in safety-critical automotive applications.
What is the purpose of the dual VIN and PGND pins?
Dual VIN and PGND pins provide separate low-impedance paths for high di/dt switching currents and sensitive control circuitry. This separation minimizes ground bounce and VIN ripple coupling into the error amplifier and gate drivers-improving regulation accuracy and EMI performance in noisy automotive environments.
Does the device support forced PWM mode, or is it limited to AAM?
The MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z operates exclusively in Advanced Asynchronous Mode (AAM) and does not support forced PWM. AAM automatically transitions between PWM and pulse-skipping modes based on load-optimizing efficiency across 10μA to 1A output range without external mode control pins.
What is the recommended PCB layout practice for the BOOT capacitor?
The BOOT capacitor (0.1µF X7R ceramic) must be placed directly between BOOT and SW pins with minimal trace length and width-ideally using a short, wide copper pour. Avoid routing other signals near this node to prevent coupling of high dv/dt switching noise into the high-side gate driver supply.
How is thermal performance affected by the QFN-12 (2mm×3mm) package choice?
The QFN-12 (2mm×3mm) package has a θJA of 60°C/W on a 4-layer JEDEC board. In a typical automotive 2oz copper PCB with thermal vias under the exposed pad, junction-to-ambient rise is ~24°C at 1A/12V input-well within the -40°C to +150°C operating range, provided minimum copper area and via count per MPS EVB guidelines are followed.
MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Monolithic Power Systems Inc.
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 12-PowerVFQFN
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Active
- Function:
- Step-Down
- Output Configuration:
- Positive
- Topology:
- Buck
- Output Type:
- Adjustable
- Number of Outputs:
- 1
- Voltage - Input (Min):
- 3.3V
- Voltage - Input (Max):
- 36V
- Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):
- 0.8V
- Voltage - Output (Max):
- 34.2V
- Current - Output:
- 1A
- Frequency - Switching:
- 350kHz ~ 2.5MHz
- Synchronous Rectifier:
- Yes
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 150°C (TJ)
- Grade:
- Automotive
- Qualification:
- AEC-Q100
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount, Wettable Flank
- Supplier Device Package:
- 12-QFN (2x3)
MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z FAQ
1.How can I place an order for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z reliable?
The price and inventory of MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z?
MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z?
For technical support, including MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z?
All MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for MPQ4321GDE-AEC1-Z:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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