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Home > Products > Integrated Circuits (ICs) > Power Management (PMIC) > Voltage Regulators - DC DC Switching Regulators

Monolithic Power Systems Inc. MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P

Name: MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P
Brand: Monolithic Power Systems Inc.
SKU: MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P
Price: 2.40 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (2 reviews)

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Part No.:: MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P

Manufacturer:: Monolithic Power Systems Inc.

Category:: Voltage Regulators - DC DC Switching Regulators

Package:: 25-PowerVFQFN

Datasheet:: MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P.pdf

Description:: IC REG BUCK 5V 2.5A 25QFN

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Product details

Overview

MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P from Monolithic Power Systems is an AEC-Q100 Grade 1 qualified, monolithic USB charging port power converter integrating a synchronous buck regulator (5V/2.5A output), USB current-limit switch (2.75A), and BC1.2/Divider/1.2V–1.2V auto-detection circuitry in a single QFN-25 (4mm×4mm) package. It operates from 7V to 36V input, supports selectable 150/250/350kHz switching frequency, and delivers programmable line-drop compensation for automotive cigarette lighter adapters.

For engineers reviewing the MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P datasheet, MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P pinout, MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P application, or MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P equivalent, key selection criteria include its integrated DCP identification logic, ±8kV HBM ESD rating on DP/DM/USB pins, hiccup-mode overcurrent protection, thermal shutdown at 165°C, and AEC-Q100 qualification for under-hood automotive environments.

Technical Context

The MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P implements a fixed-frequency, peak-current-mode controlled synchronous buck converter with internal 40mΩ/32mΩ HS/LS MOSFETs and a dedicated 24mΩ USB power switch. Its control loop uses an error amplifier referenced to a 1V internal bandgap, with internal compensation minimizing external components.

USB port identification operates via a state machine supporting BC1.2 short mode, Divider mode (2.7V/2.7V), and 1.2V/1.2V mode - each triggering distinct line-drop compensation profiles (full vs. half) and output voltage setpoints (5.05V vs. 5.25V). The VDROP pin selects compensation amplitude (GND/float/VCC), while FREQ configures switching frequency without external resistors.

Key Specifications

Parameter	Value and Actual Design Meaning
Input Voltage Range	7V to 36V - supports full automotive battery range including cold-crank (6.5V min after UVLO hysteresis) and load-dump transients.
Output Voltage	Fixed 5V ±1% - regulated with programmable line-drop compensation up to 500mV to maintain 5V at device connector under 2.4A load.
USB Current Limit	2.75A ±5% - accurate foldback current limiting with hiccup recovery (3ms ON / 8.5s OFF) for sustained short-circuit protection.
Switching Frequency	Selectable 150/250/350kHz - enables EMI optimization and inductor size trade-offs without external timing components.
Thermal Protection	165°C shutdown with 20°C hysteresis - ensures safe operation in sealed automotive enclosures with limited airflow.
ESD Rating	±8kV HBM on DP, DM, USB pins - meets IEC 61000-4-2 Level 4 for robustness against user-interface electrostatic discharge.
AEC-Q100 Grade	Grade 1 (−40°C to +125°C TJ) - qualified for engine compartment and dashboard mounting locations per automotive reliability standards.

Pinout & Package

MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P is housed in a thermally enhanced QFN-25 (4mm × 4mm, 0.5mm pitch) package with exposed thermal pad. Pin 1 is located at bottom-left corner when marking side faces up and dot is at top-left.

Pin/Terminal	Circuit Role	Design Meaning
1, 23	DM	USB D− data line - bidirectional interface for BC1.2 handshaking; requires 22Ω series resistor and ESD protection per USB spec.
2	USB	USB power output - delivers regulated 5V to downstream device; includes integrated 24mΩ switch and discharge path.
3, 14, 24	OUT	Buck output node - supplies 5V to USB switch input; connects directly to output capacitor and USB VBUS trace.
4, 13	IN	Main input supply - accepts 7–36V; requires low-ESR ceramic input capacitor placed within 3mm of pin.
5, 6, 11, 12	PGND	Power ground - return path for buck inductor, USB switch, and high-current loops; must be solid copper plane with multiple vias.
7	FREQ	Frequency select - float = 150kHz, GND = 250kHz, VCC = 350kHz; no pull-up/down required due to internal biasing.
8	EN	Enable control - active-high; internal 1MΩ pulldown allows floating-disable; clamped at 7.6V for 36V VIN compatibility.
9, 25	SW	Switch node - connects to buck inductor; requires wide copper trace and tight layout to minimize ringing and EMI.
10	BST	Bootstrap supply - powers high-side gate driver; requires 0.1µF X7R ceramic capacitor between BST and SW.
15, 16	NC	No connection - must remain unconnected; not internally bonded; may be tied to OUT for thermal relief if needed.
17	AGND	Analog ground - reference for error amplifier and current sense; must connect to PGND at single point near IC.
18	VCC	Internal 5V LDO output - powers control circuitry; requires 0.22µF ceramic decoupling capacitor placed <2mm from pin.
19	VDROP	Line drop compensation select - GND = 130mV, float = 400mV, VCC = 280mV compensation gain; sets cable loss correction slope.
20, 21	NC	No connection - must remain floating; not bonded; avoid routing signals or planes beneath these pads.
22	DP	USB D+ data line - bidirectional interface for BC1.2 handshaking; matched impedance routing required with DM.

Key Features

Feature	Design Value
Integrated DCP Auto-Detection	Hardware-state-machine implementation of BC1.2 short mode, Divider mode, and 1.2V/1.2V mode - eliminates need for external microcontroller or firmware.
Programmable Line Drop Compensation	Three-level VDROP selection (GND/float/VCC) adjusts compensation gain from 130mV to 400mV - maintains 5V ±5% at USB connector across 1.5m cable lengths.
Automotive-Grade Thermal Protection	165°C junction shutdown with 20°C hysteresis and automatic restart - sustains operation in sealed enclosures up to +125°C ambient.
EMI-Optimized Switching	150/250/350kHz selectable frequency plus internal slew-rate control - reduces conducted emissions without external snubbers or filters.
Robust USB Interface Protection	±8kV HBM ESD on DP/DM/USB pins and dynamic OVP threshold scaling - prevents damage during hot-plug events and maintains 4.75–5.25V compliance at cable end.

Applications

Automotive Cigarette Lighter Adapter

USB-Car Mount Charger

Use Scenario: 12V vehicle power converted to stable 5V USB output for smartphones and tablets in moving vehicles with vibration, temperature cycling, and load-dump transients.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Single-chip USB charging port controller providing buck regulation, current limiting, and BC1.2 detection - replaces discrete DC/DC + USB switch + ID IC solution.

Use Value: Eliminates external USB ID microcontroller and reduces BOM count by 4+ components while maintaining AEC-Q100 compliance and ±8kV ESD robustness.

Use Scenario: Compact, thermally constrained car mount charger requiring minimal PCB area, high efficiency at light loads, and reliable start-up during cold cranking (6.5V).

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary power conversion and USB negotiation IC - integrates 5V regulation, 2.75A current limit, and auto-detection in QFN-25 package with exposed thermal pad.

Use Value: Enables 18mm × 18mm PCB footprint with >88% peak efficiency at 1A and guaranteed operation down to −40°C ambient.

Infotainment System USB Hub

Telematics Control Unit (TCU) Charging Port

Use Scenario: Central infotainment head unit supplying dual USB ports where one port requires dedicated charging capability alongside data transfer.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Dedicated charging port (DCP) IC - provides BC1.2-compliant 5V/2.75A output independent of host controller USB PHY.

Use Value: Delivers full charging current without host enumeration delay; supports simultaneous data + charge via separate USB PHY path.

Use Scenario: TCU module powering GPS tracker, cellular modem, and diagnostic dongle - requires reliable 5V USB output under intermittent ignition power and wide temperature swings.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Automotive-grade USB power manager - handles input undervoltage lockout (5.7V rising), thermal shutdown (165°C), and hiccup-mode fault recovery autonomously.

Use Value: Ensures continuous modem connectivity during engine stop-start cycles and prevents field failures due to thermal runaway in sealed enclosures.

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar USB charging port applications.

Alternative Part	Technical Difference	Application Difference	Selection Advice
MPQ4491MGR-AEC1	QFN-26 (4mm×4mm); fixed 5.05V output with full line-drop compensation in all modes	Larger footprint; no mode-dependent output voltage adjustment; preferred for designs requiring consistent 5.05V regardless of device handshake	Select when board layout allows QFN-26 and stable 5.05V is prioritized over mode-optimized voltage.
NCP81239MNTXG	ON Semiconductor buck controller + external USB switch; no integrated BC1.2 detection; requires external MCU for port identification	Higher BOM count; greater design complexity; supports custom charging protocols beyond BC1.2	Select when proprietary charging schemes or multi-port coordination are required and system MCU is available.

Compared with MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P, the MPQ4491MGR-AEC1 offers identical electrical performance but larger package and fixed compensation behavior, while the NCP81239MNTXG shifts complexity to external components and firmware - making MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P optimal for cost-sensitive, space-constrained automotive DCPs needing turnkey BC1.2 support.

Availability

MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for automotive cigarette lighter adapters, USB-car mount chargers, and telematics control units requiring stable component supply with AEC-Q100 Grade 1 assurance.

Supply support for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) is a fabless semiconductor company specializing in high-performance analog and power ICs, with core expertise in DC/DC conversion, motor drivers, and USB power management.

The MPQ4491M product line targets automotive USB charging infrastructure, delivering integrated buck + USB switch + BC1.2 detection in single-package solutions to replace multi-chip implementations in space- and cost-constrained modules.

FAQ

What is the purpose of the VDROP pin, and how does it affect USB output voltage accuracy?

The VDROP pin selects line-drop compensation gain: GND = 130mV, float = 400mV, VCC = 280mV. This adjusts the voltage boost applied to the 5V output to counteract IR drop across USB cables. At 2.4A load, selecting 'float' adds up to 400mV compensation, ensuring ≥4.75V remains at the device connector - critical for BC1.2 compliance and fast-charging reliability.

Does MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P support USB data communication, or is it DCP-only?

MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P supports USB data lines (DP/DM) solely for BC1.2/Divider/1.2V–1.2V port identification - it does not implement USB PHY, packet handling, or data transfer. Data communication must be handled by a separate USB controller; this IC only manages power delivery and handshake signaling.

How does the hiccup-mode overcurrent protection behave during sustained short-circuit conditions?

When USB output current exceeds 2.75A for >3ms, the IC enters hiccup mode: 3ms power-on pulse followed by 8.5s off-time. This limits average short-circuit current to ~1mA, preventing thermal runaway and enabling safe auto-recovery once the fault is removed - essential for unattended automotive applications.

Can MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P operate with input voltage below 7V, and what happens during cold-crank events?

The absolute minimum operating input is 7V (UVLO rising threshold = 5.7V, hysteresis = 1V). During cold-crank, if VIN drops below 4.7V, the IC shuts down and holds output disabled until VIN rises above 5.7V. No brown-out reset or pre-bias start-up is supported - external hold-up capacitance is required for sub-7V ride-through.

What is the thermal performance difference between QFN-25 and QFN-26 packages?

Both packages share identical θJA = 44°C/W and θJC = 9°C/W (per JESD51-7, 4-layer PCB). The QFN-25 achieves equivalent thermal performance in smaller area by optimizing internal die attach and thermal via placement - validated for 2.5A continuous operation at +125°C ambient with 2-in² 2oz copper pour.

Is the EN pin compatible with direct connection to automotive battery (up to 36V)?

Yes - EN includes internal 7.6V Zener clamping and 1MΩ pulldown. When pulled directly to VIN (≤36V), current stays below 230μA if RPULLUP ≥113kΩ. This enables simple automatic start-up without level-shifting circuitry, meeting automotive system requirements for ignition-synchronized enable.

How does BC1.2 mode selection impact output voltage and line-drop compensation?

For MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P, entering BC1.2 short mode or 1.2V/1.2V mode changes output from 5.05V (full compensation) to 5.25V (half compensation). This higher voltage offsets reduced compensation gain, maintaining optimal charging current delivery to devices expecting DCP behavior per BC1.2 spec.

MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P Specifications

Product attributes: Attribute value

Manufacturer:: Monolithic Power Systems Inc.

Series:: -

Package/Case:: 25-PowerVFQFN

Packaging:: Tape & Reel (TR)

Product Status:: Not For New Designs

Function:: Step-Down

Output Configuration:: Positive

Topology:: Buck

Output Type:: Fixed

Number of Outputs:: 1

Voltage - Input (Min):: 7V

Voltage - Input (Max):: 36V

Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):: 5V

Voltage - Output (Max):: -

Current - Output:: 2.5A

Frequency - Switching:: Selectable

Synchronous Rectifier:: No

Operating Temperature:: -40°C ~ 125°C (TJ)

Grade:: Automotive

Qualification:: AEC-Q100

Mounting Type:: Surface Mount

Supplier Device Package:: 25-QFN (4x4)

MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P FAQ

1.How can I place an order for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P through Aetrix?

Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.

2.Are the price and stock information for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P reliable?

The price and inventory of MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P is usually 5 days.

3.What payment methods are accepted for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P?

We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P transactions.

Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.

4.How is shipping managed for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P?

MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.

Once your MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.

Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.

5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P?

For technical support, including MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P requirements.

6.How does Aetrix verify that MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?

All MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P meets industry standards.

7.What is the process for return or replacement of MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P?

All MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:

1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.

2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.

3.The MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P part is unused and in its original packaging.

Return procedure for MPQ4491MGRE-AEC1-P:

1.Submit a request within 90 days.

2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.

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