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Home > Products > Discrete Semiconductor Products > Transistors > Bipolar (BJT) > Single Bipolar Transistors

onsemi MPS650

Name: MPS650
Brand: onsemi
SKU: MPS650
Price: 2.40 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (2 reviews)

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Part No.:: MPS650

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Category:: Single Bipolar Transistors

Package:: TO-226-3, TO-92-3 Long Body, Formed Leads

Datasheet:: MPS650.pdf

Description:: TRANS NPN 40V 2A TO92

Quantity:: RFQ Add To RFQ list

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Product details

Overview

MPS650 from onsemi is an NPN general-purpose bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in TO-92 package, rated for 40 V_CEO, 2.0 A continuous collector current, and 625 mW power dissipation at T_A = 25°C. It delivers h_FE ≥ 75 at I_C = 50 mA and supports switching and linear amplification in low-voltage DC power control circuits.

For engineers reviewing the MPS650 datasheet, pinout, applications, or equivalent options, this page provides verified electrical ratings, thermal limits, safe operating area (SOA), TO-92 terminal mapping, and validated alternative transistors for discrete amplifier and switch designs requiring robust 2 A capability at ≤40 V.

Technical Context

The MPS650 operates as a medium-power NPN BJT with fixed gain structure optimized for DC amplification and saturated switching. Its V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.5 V at I_C = 2.0 A / I_B = 200 mA and V_BE(on) ≤ 1.0 V at I_C = 1.0 A confirm low-loss conduction in driver stages. The f_T = 75 MHz enables stable operation up to audio-frequency switching.

Thermal design is constrained by R_θJA = 200°C/W (ambient) and R_θJC = 83.3°C/W (case), with SOA curves defining second breakdown limits across pulse widths from 100 µs to DC. Junction temperature range spans −55°C to +150°C, supporting industrial ambient operation.

Key Specifications

Parameter	Value and Actual Design Meaning
V_CEO	40 V - Maximum collector-emitter voltage before breakdown under open-base condition; defines safe DC rail limit in switch applications.
I_C (continuous)	2.0 A - Continuous collector current rating at T_A = 25°C; sets maximum steady-state load drive capability.
P_D (T_A)	625 mW - Total power dissipation at 25°C ambient; derates 5.0 mW/°C above 25°C without heatsink.
h_FE	≥75 at I_C = 50 mA - Minimum DC current gain ensures reliable base drive margin in linear amplifier configurations.
f_T	75 MHz - Transition frequency confirms usable bandwidth for audio-range signal amplification and PWM switching.
V_CE(sat)	≤0.5 V at I_C/I_B = 10 - Low saturation voltage minimizes conduction loss in high-current switching nodes.
R_θJA	200°C/W - Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance governs required PCB copper area or heatsinking for thermal management.

Pinout & Package

Package: TO-92 (Case 29-11), straight or bent lead, Pb-free, through-hole mounting. Dimensions per ANSI Y14.5M: body height ~4.8 mm, lead pitch 1.27 mm, max width 4.8 mm.

Pin/Terminal	Circuit Role	Design Meaning
1 (Emitter)	Current exit path for NPN transistor	Connected to ground or low-side return; determines emitter-follower configuration and bias network reference.
2 (Base)	Control terminal for minority-carrier injection	Receives current-limited drive signal; base resistor selection must ensure I_B ≥ I_C/h_FE(min) for saturation.
3 (Collector)	Current entry path and output node	Connected to load and supply rail; handles full switched current and dissipates majority of power in saturation.

Key Features

Feature	Design Value
Pb-free TO-92 packaging	Complies with RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU; eliminates lead contamination risk in reflow and hand-soldering processes.
Wide T_J range (−55°C to +150°C)	Enables deployment in automotive engine compartments, industrial motor controls, and outdoor power supplies without derating.
Second breakdown–rated SOA	Guarantees safe operation under transient overloads up to 2.0 A at V_CE ≤ 2.0 V for pulses ≥100 µs, critical for relay and solenoid drivers.
Low V_BE(on) (≤1.0 V)	Reduces base drive voltage requirement, allowing direct interface with 3.3 V or 5 V logic outputs without level-shifting.
High f_T (75 MHz)	Supports clean square-wave switching up to ~10 MHz with minimal rise/fall time degradation in gate-driving applications.

Applications

DC Motor Control	Linear Voltage Regulator Pass Element
Use Scenario: Driving 12 V brushed DC motors in robotics and HVAC actuators with PWM duty cycles up to 100%. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN switching transistor acting as low-side current sink, controlled by microcontroller GPIO. Use Value: V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.5 V at 2.0 A ensures <1 W conduction loss, enabling compact thermal design without forced air cooling.	Use Scenario: Serving as series pass element in adjustable 3–12 V linear regulators delivering up to 1.5 A output current. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Linear amplifier configured in emitter-follower topology to regulate output voltage via feedback loop. Use Value: h_FE ≥ 75 at 50 mA ensures stable closed-loop gain and low dropout across load transients.
LED Driver for High-Brightness Arrays	Power Supply Overcurrent Protection Switch
Use Scenario: Switching 24 V, 1.2 A LED strings in architectural lighting and signage systems. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Constant-current switch controlled by analog dimming or PWM signal. Use Value: SOA compliance at 1.2 A / 24 V for 1 ms pulses prevents thermal runaway during inrush or fault conditions.	Use Scenario: Implementing foldback current limiting in 5–24 V DC power supplies using external sense resistor and comparator feedback. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Fast-acting shunt or series cutoff device triggered by overcurrent detection circuitry. Use Value: T_J rating to +150°C allows integration into sealed power modules without thermal shutdown under sustained overload.

DC Motor Control

Linear Voltage Regulator Pass Element

Use Scenario: Driving 12 V brushed DC motors in robotics and HVAC actuators with PWM duty cycles up to 100%.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN switching transistor acting as low-side current sink, controlled by microcontroller GPIO.

Use Value: V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.5 V at 2.0 A ensures <1 W conduction loss, enabling compact thermal design without forced air cooling.

Use Scenario: Serving as series pass element in adjustable 3–12 V linear regulators delivering up to 1.5 A output current.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Linear amplifier configured in emitter-follower topology to regulate output voltage via feedback loop.

Use Value: h_FE ≥ 75 at 50 mA ensures stable closed-loop gain and low dropout across load transients.

LED Driver for High-Brightness Arrays

Power Supply Overcurrent Protection Switch

Use Scenario: Switching 24 V, 1.2 A LED strings in architectural lighting and signage systems.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Constant-current switch controlled by analog dimming or PWM signal.

Use Value: SOA compliance at 1.2 A / 24 V for 1 ms pulses prevents thermal runaway during inrush or fault conditions.

Use Scenario: Implementing foldback current limiting in 5–24 V DC power supplies using external sense resistor and comparator feedback.

IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Fast-acting shunt or series cutoff device triggered by overcurrent detection circuitry.

Use Value: T_J rating to +150°C allows integration into sealed power modules without thermal shutdown under sustained overload.

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar NPN general-purpose transistor applications.

Alternative Part	Technical Difference	Application Difference	Selection Advice
BC337-40	Lower I_C (0.8 A), lower V_CEO (45 V), same TO-92 package, h_FE = 250–630 (wide spread)	Not suitable for 2.0 A loads; acceptable only in low-current amplification where gain consistency is noncritical	Select BC337-40 only when load current remains ≤0.6 A and tighter h_FE tolerance is not required.
2N2222A	Lower I_C (0.8 A), lower P_D (500 mW), same TO-92, V_CEO = 40 V, f_T ≈ 300 MHz	Insufficient for 2.0 A switching; better for RF preamp but inadequate for power switching	Choose 2N2222A only for signal amplification or low-power switching ≤500 mA; avoid in motor or LED driver roles.

Compared with BC337-40 and 2N2222A, the MPS650 uniquely supports 2.0 A continuous current in TO-92 while maintaining 40 V breakdown and 75 MHz bandwidth-making it the only option among the three viable for high-current, thermally constrained discrete switch designs.

Availability

MPS650 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for DC motor control, linear regulator pass elements, LED driver circuits, and overcurrent protection switches requiring stable component supply across industrial, automotive, and embedded OEM programs.

Supply support for MPS650 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

onsemi (formerly ON Semiconductor) is a global semiconductor supplier specializing in energy-efficient power, analog, sensor, and connectivity solutions for automotive, industrial, cloud, and consumer markets.

The MPS650 belongs to onsemi's legacy general-purpose bipolar transistor family, designed specifically for cost-sensitive, medium-current discrete switching and amplification in space-constrained through-hole applications.

FAQ

What is the maximum continuous collector current rating for the MPS650?

The MPS650 has a maximum continuous collector current (I_C) rating of 2.0 A at T_A = 25°C. This rating decreases with rising ambient temperature due to its 5.0 mW/°C thermal derating factor. At 70°C ambient, the usable I_C drops to approximately 1.8 A. The MPS650 datasheet specifies this limit under defined test conditions and must be validated against actual board-level thermal performance.

Does the MPS650 support saturated switching at 2.0 A load current?

Yes, the MPS650 supports saturated switching at 2.0 A, with V_CE(sat) ≤ 0.5 V specified at I_C = 2.0 A and I_B = 200 mA. This requires a minimum base drive current of 200 mA, corresponding to a base resistor ≤ 22 Ω when driven from a 5 V source. The MPS650's SOA curve confirms safe operation in this region for pulse widths ≥100 µs.

What is the safe operating area (SOA) limitation for the MPS650 at DC operation?

At DC (T_C = 25°C), the MPS650's SOA is limited by thermal constraints to ≤1.5 W total power dissipation, corresponding to ~1.2 A at V_CE = 1.25 V or ~0.8 A at V_CE = 1.8 V. This reflects its 1.5 W P_D rating at T_C = 25°C and 12 mW/°C derating. The MPS650's SOA graph (Figure 7) explicitly defines these boundaries and must be consulted for any non-pulsed application.

Is the MPS650 pin-compatible with the MPS651?

No, the MPS650 is not pin-compatible with the MPS651 in functional replacement terms. While both share identical TO-92 packaging and pinout (Emitter-Base-Collector), the MPS651 has higher voltage ratings (V_CEO = 60 V, V_CBO = 80 V) and different SOA limits. Substituting MPS651 for MPS650 introduces unnecessary cost and may affect bias stability due to differing h_FE vs. I_C curves; the MPS650 remains optimal for ≤40 V applications.

What is the typical transition frequency (f_T) of the MPS650 and how is it measured?

The MPS650 has a typical transition frequency (f_T) of 75 MHz, measured at I_C = 50 mA, V_CE = 5.0 V, and f = 100 MHz, where |h_fe| extrapolates to unity. This value indicates usable small-signal gain up to ~10 MHz in practical amplifier designs. The MPS650's f_T is confirmed in the "Small-Signal Characteristics" table of its official datasheet (Publication Order Number: MPS650/D, Rev. 4).

MPS650 Specifications

Product attributes: Attribute value

Manufacturer:: onsemi

Series:: -

Package/Case:: TO-226-3, TO-92-3 Long Body, Formed Leads

Packaging:: Bulk

Product Status:: Obsolete

Transistor Type:: NPN

Current - Collector (Ic) (Max):: 2 A

Voltage - Collector Emitter Breakdown (Max):: 40 V

Vce Saturation (Max) @ Ib, Ic:: 500mV @ 200mA, 2A

Current - Collector Cutoff (Max):: 100nA (ICBO)

DC Current Gain (hFE) (Min) @ Ic, Vce:: 175 @ 1A, 2V

Power - Max:: 625 mW

Frequency - Transition:: 75MHz

Operating Temperature:: -55°C ~ 150°C (TJ)

Grade:: -

Qualification:: -

Mounting Type:: Through Hole

Supplier Device Package:: TO-92 (TO-226)

MPS650 FAQ

1.How can I place an order for MPS650 through Aetrix?

Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for MPS650 on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.

2.Are the price and stock information for MPS650 reliable?

The price and inventory of MPS650 are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for MPS650 is usually 5 days.

3.What payment methods are accepted for MPS650?

We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for MPS650 transactions.

Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.

4.How is shipping managed for MPS650?

MPS650 orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.

Once your MPS650 order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.

Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.

5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for MPS650?

For technical support, including MPS650 datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your MPS650 requirements.

6.How does Aetrix verify that MPS650 is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?

All MPS650 products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that MPS650 meets industry standards.

7.What is the process for return or replacement of MPS650?

All MPS650 units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with MPS650, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:

1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.

2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.

3.The MPS650 part is unused and in its original packaging.

Return procedure for MPS650:

1.Submit a request within 90 days.

2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.

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