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onsemi MPS650ZL1G
- Part No.:
- MPS650ZL1G
- Manufacturer:
- onsemi
- Category:
- Single Bipolar Transistors
- Package:
- TO-226-3, TO-92-3 Long Body, Formed Leads
- Datasheet:
-
MPS650ZL1G.pdf
- Description:
- TRANS NPN 40V 2A TO92
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:2,193
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Product details
Overview
MPS650ZL1G from onsemi is an NPN general-purpose amplifier transistor in TO-92 package, rated for 40 VCEO, 2.0 A continuous collector current, and 625 mW power dissipation at TA = 25°C. It delivers hFE ≥ 75 at IC = 50 mA and VCE = 2.0 V, with VCE(sat) ≤ 0.5 V at IC = 2.0 A / IB = 200 mA - suitable for low-voltage switching and linear amplification in consumer power supplies and relay drivers.
For engineers reviewing the MPS650ZL1G datasheet, pinout, applications, or equivalent options, key selection criteria include verified DC current gain across temperature, saturation voltage under high-current drive, thermal resistance (RθJA = 200°C/W), Pb-free TO-92 mechanical compatibility, and safe operating area (SOA) limits per Figure 7.
Technical Context
The MPS650ZL1G is a silicon planar epitaxial NPN bipolar junction transistor optimized for medium-power linear and switching applications. Its design supports stable hFE over −55°C to +150°C junction temperature range and features low VBE(on) (≤1.0 V at IC = 1.0 A) and VBE(sat) (≤1.2 V at IC/IB = 10).
It operates within defined SOA boundaries: wire bond limit up to 2.0 A/0.5 V, thermal limit governed by RθJC = 83.3°C/W, and second breakdown limit validated per Figure 7. The device is not intended for RF or high-frequency amplification (fT = 75 MHz typical, measured at IC = 50 mA).
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| VCEO | 40 V - Maximum allowable collector-emitter voltage before breakdown under open-base condition; defines upper rail limit in switching circuits. |
| IC (continuous) | 2.0 A - Continuous DC collector current rating at TA = 25°C; derates linearly above 25°C (5.0 mW/°C). |
| hFE | ≥75 at IC = 50 mA, VCE = 2.0 V - Ensures reliable base drive margin for switch saturation in 5–12 V control logic interfaces. |
| VCE(sat) | ≤0.5 V at IC = 2.0 A, IB = 200 mA - Limits conduction loss to ≤1.0 W in saturated switching mode. |
| RθJA | 200°C/W - Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance in free-air; determines maximum power before thermal shutdown in non-heatsinked PCB layouts. |
| fT | 75 MHz - Current-gain bandwidth product at IC = 50 mA, VCE = 5.0 V; confirms suitability for audio-frequency and low-speed digital switching only. |
Pinout & Package
Package: TO-92 (Case 29-11), straight-lead, Pb-free, through-hole mounting. Dimensions conform to ANSI Y14.5M (inch-based) and ASME Y14.5M (metric) standards; lead pitch = 2.54 mm (0.100"), body height ≈ 4.7 mm.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 (Emitter) | Current sink terminal | Connected to ground or low-side return path; must handle full load current and support low-impedance emitter degeneration if used in linear mode. |
| 2 (Base) | Control input | Receives forward-biased drive current (IB ≥ IC/hFE) to achieve saturation; requires series resistor to limit drive and prevent thermal runaway. |
| 3 (Collector) | Current source terminal | Connected to positive supply or load; carries full switched current and must be routed with adequate copper area for thermal dissipation. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Pb-free TO-92 packaging | Complies with RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU; compatible with standard wave-solder and hand-solder reflow profiles without lead contamination risk. |
| Wide operating temperature range | −55°C to +150°C junction temperature enables use in automotive under-hood modules and industrial motor controls without derating. |
| Guaranteed hFE ≥ 75 | Validated at IC = 50 mA and IC = 500 mA ensures consistent gain across mid-range loads - simplifies base resistor calculation for predictable saturation. |
| Low VCE(sat) at high current | ≤0.5 V at 2.0 A reduces conduction losses below 1.0 W, improving efficiency in 5–24 V DC-DC pre-regulators and solenoid drivers. |
Applications
| Relay Driver Circuit | DC Motor Speed Control |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Driving 12 V, 500 mA electromagnetic relay coil in HVAC control panel. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: NPN switch providing low-impedance path from coil to ground upon microcontroller GPIO activation. Use Value: VCE(sat) ≤ 0.5 V ensures <1.0 W dissipation during sustained actuation, eliminating need for heatsink in compact enclosure. |
Use Scenario: PWM-controlled 24 V, 1.5 A brushed DC fan in industrial server cooling system. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Low-side switching element modulating average current to fan via 1–25 kHz PWM signal. Use Value: hFE ≥ 75 at IC = 1.0 A guarantees sufficient current gain for direct MCU GPIO drive without external buffer stage. |
| Linear Voltage Regulator Pass Element | Power Supply Overcurrent Protection |
|
Use Scenario: Series pass transistor in 5 V, 1.2 A adjustable LDO for embedded sensor node. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Linear amplifier regulating output by varying VCE in response to error amplifier feedback. Use Value: RθJA = 200°C/W and TJ(max) = +150°C allow 1.2 A operation with ≤25°C ambient rise on 1-in² 2-oz copper pad. |
Use Scenario: Current-limiting element in 12 V battery charger protecting against short-circuit faults. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Foldback current limiter activated when sense resistor voltage exceeds threshold. Use Value: SOA compliance up to 2.0 A/0.5 V (Figure 7) ensures reliable transient overload handling without secondary breakdown. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar NPN medium-power amplifier transistor applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| MMBT650LT1G | Same VCEO (40 V), but SOT-23 package (0.35 W PD); hFE min = 100 at IC = 10 mA only. | Not suitable for >500 mA continuous loads due to lower power rating and higher RθJA (~300°C/W). | Select only for space-constrained PCBs where load current ≤300 mA and thermal budget permits SOT-23 footprint. |
| PN2222A | Lower VCEO (30 V), same TO-92 package; hFE ≥ 75 at IC = 10 mA, but degrades to ≥35 at IC = 500 mA. | Limited to ≤30 V systems and <1 A loads; unsuitable for 24 V relay drivers requiring sustained 2 A capability. | Acceptable for low-voltage (<24 V), low-current (<500 mA) general-purpose switching where cost is primary concern. |
Compared with MMBT650LT1G and PN2222A, the MPS650ZL1G uniquely balances 40 V rating, 2.0 A current capacity, and TO-92 manufacturability - making it the preferred choice for industrial 24 V control modules requiring robust thermal performance without SMT rework complexity.
Availability
MPS650ZL1G is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for relay driver circuits, DC motor speed control, linear voltage regulator pass elements, and power supply overcurrent protection requiring stable component supply and Pb-free compliance.
Supply support for MPS650ZL1G includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
onsemi (formerly ON Semiconductor) is a global semiconductor manufacturer specializing in energy-efficient power management, analog, sensing, and connectivity solutions for automotive, industrial, cloud, and consumer markets.
The MPS650ZL1G belongs to onsemi's legacy discrete bipolar transistor family designed for cost-sensitive, medium-power linear and switching applications where reliability, thermal stability, and TO-92 manufacturability are critical.
FAQ
What is the maximum continuous collector current rating for MPS650ZL1G?
The MPS650ZL1G is rated for 2.0 A continuous collector current at ambient temperature (TA) of 25°C. Power dissipation must be derated by 5.0 mW/°C above 25°C, and actual current capability depends on PCB copper area, airflow, and junction temperature limits (−55°C to +150°C). For sustained 2.0 A operation, thermal design must ensure TJ remains ≤150°C.
Does MPS650ZL1G support Pb-free soldering processes?
Yes, the MPS650ZL1G is explicitly marked as Pb-free in onsemi's ordering information and complies with RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU. Its TO-92 package is qualified for standard wave soldering, reflow, and hand-soldering profiles without lead contamination concerns - confirmed in the "Pb−Free Package" note on page 1 and ordering table on page 4 of the MPS650/D datasheet.
What is the guaranteed DC current gain (hFE) of MPS650ZL1G at high collector current?
The MPS650ZL1G guarantees hFE ≥ 75 at IC = 50 mA and VCE = 2.0 V, and maintains hFE ≥ 75 even at IC = 500 mA (per Electrical Characteristics table, page 2). At IC = 1.0 A, hFE remains ≥75, and at IC = 2.0 A, hFE ≥ 40 - enabling predictable base drive design across its full rated current range.
Can MPS650ZL1G be used in linear amplifier configurations?
Yes, the MPS650ZL1G is characterized for linear operation with specified VBE(on) ≤ 1.0 V and VBE(sat) ≤ 1.2 V, and its SOA curve (Figure 7) validates safe operation in the linear region up to 2.0 A and 0.5 V. However, its fT = 75 MHz limits use to audio-band and low-frequency signal amplification - not RF or high-speed analog applications.
What is the thermal resistance from junction to case (RθJC) for MPS650ZL1G?
The MPS650ZL1G has a thermal resistance of RθJC = 83.3°C/W, measured from junction to case at TC = 25°C. This value enables accurate thermal modeling when mounted to a heatsink or metal chassis, and supports power dissipation up to 1.5 W at case temperature of 25°C before exceeding the 150°C maximum junction temperature.
MPS650ZL1G Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- onsemi
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- TO-226-3, TO-92-3 Long Body, Formed Leads
- Packaging:
- Bulk
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Transistor Type:
- NPN
- Current - Collector (Ic) (Max):
- 2 A
- Voltage - Collector Emitter Breakdown (Max):
- 40 V
- Vce Saturation (Max) @ Ib, Ic:
- 500mV @ 200mA, 2A
- Current - Collector Cutoff (Max):
- 100nA (ICBO)
- DC Current Gain (hFE) (Min) @ Ic, Vce:
- 75 @ 1A, 2V
- Power - Max:
- 625 mW
- Frequency - Transition:
- 75MHz
- Operating Temperature:
- -55°C ~ 150°C (TJ)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Through Hole
- Supplier Device Package:
- TO-92 (TO-226)
MPS650ZL1G FAQ
1.How can I place an order for MPS650ZL1G through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for MPS650ZL1G on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for MPS650ZL1G reliable?
The price and inventory of MPS650ZL1G are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for MPS650ZL1G is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for MPS650ZL1G?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for MPS650ZL1G transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for MPS650ZL1G?
MPS650ZL1G orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your MPS650ZL1G order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for MPS650ZL1G?
For technical support, including MPS650ZL1G datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your MPS650ZL1G requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that MPS650ZL1G is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All MPS650ZL1G products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that MPS650ZL1G meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of MPS650ZL1G?
All MPS650ZL1G units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with MPS650ZL1G, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The MPS650ZL1G part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for MPS650ZL1G:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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