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Texas Instruments TL432ACPK
- Part No.:
- TL432ACPK
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Voltage Reference
- Package:
- TO-243AA
- Datasheet:
-
TL432ACPK.pdf
- Description:
- IC VREF SHUNT ADJ 1% SOT89-3
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:4,389
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Product details
Overview
TL432ACPK from Texas Instruments is a precision programmable shunt voltage reference in SOT-89 package, delivering 2.47–2.52 V reference voltage (±1% initial tolerance at 25°C), 0.2 Ω typical dynamic impedance, and sink-current capability from 1 mA to 100 mA. It operates across −40°C to 85°C (I-grade) and serves as a Zener diode replacement in secondary-side regulation of flyback SMPSs.
For engineers reviewing the TL432ACPK datasheet, TL432ACPK pinout, TL432ACPK application, or TL432ACPK equivalent, this page provides verified electrical specifications, thermal performance data, real-world use cases in power supply feedback loops, and validated alternative parts for design flexibility and supply continuity.
Technical Context
The TL432ACPK implements a three-terminal adjustable shunt regulator architecture with an internal error amplifier, reference, and output transistor. Its REF pin senses voltage relative to ANODE, triggering cathode current sink when input exceeds Vref - enabling precise voltage or current regulation via external resistor dividers.
Unlike the TL431, the TL432ACPK uses a distinct pinout (REF–ANODE–CATHODE, top view) optimized for layout in compact power supplies. It shares identical electrical specs with TL431 but requires PCB redesign due to non-pin-compatible packaging - confirmed in TI's Device Comparison Table and Pin Configuration section.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Reference Voltage (Vref) | 2.47–2.52 V at 25°C (±1% A-grade tolerance); sets regulation threshold for feedback networks |
| Temperature Range | −40°C to +85°C (I-grade); supports industrial and automotive ambient conditions without derating |
| Dynamic Impedance | 0.2 Ω typical (≤0.5 Ω max); ensures stable regulation under fast load transients |
| Cathode Current Range | 1–100 mA sink capability; enables direct drive of optocoupler LEDs or error amplifier inputs |
| Reference Input Current | 2–4 µA typical; minimizes divider network loading and improves accuracy in high-impedance designs |
| Voltage Drift (VI(dev)) | 14–34 mV over full temperature range; quantifies worst-case Vref deviation in closed-loop systems |
| Min Cathode Current (Imin) | 0.4–0.7 mA; minimum current needed to maintain regulation - critical for light-load stability |
Pinout & Package
SOT-89 package (3-pin, 4.5 mm × 2.5 mm × 1.6 mm body), thermally enhanced with exposed tab connected to ANODE for improved heat dissipation in power regulation applications.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Pin 1 (REF) | Reference input | Senses divided output voltage; must be biased ≥2.47 V above ANODE to activate regulation |
| Pin 2 (ANODE) | Common return / thermal pad | Connected to system ground or low-side return; exposed tab improves thermal resistance (RθJA = 52°C/W) |
| Pin 3 (CATHODE) | Shunt current output | Sinks current into feedback path (e.g., optocoupler LED); voltage at this node adjusts to maintain Vref at REF |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Adjustable output voltage | 2.5 V to 36 V via two external resistors - enables single BOM for multiple output rails |
| Low output noise | Enables clean feedback in sensitive analog control loops without added filtering |
| Zener diode replacement | Eliminates wide-tolerance, high-drift Zeners; improves long-term stability and temperature performance |
| Sharp turn-on characteristic | Ensures fast response to overvoltage events - critical for reliable secondary-side protection in isolated SMPS |
| Thermal stability | Specified VI(dev) ≤34 mV over −40°C to +85°C - reduces calibration burden in production test |
Applications
| Secondary-Side Regulation | Zener Diode Replacement |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Feedback loop in isolated flyback converter where primary-side sensing is impractical. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Shunt regulator providing precise voltage reference to optocoupler LED, closing control loop across isolation barrier. Use Value: Enables ±1% output voltage regulation without primary-side controller complexity or transformer auxiliary winding. |
Use Scenario: Low-cost voltage clamping or reference generation in linear regulators and battery monitors. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Programmable shunt element replacing discrete Zener diodes with tighter tolerance and lower drift. Use Value: Reduces part count and improves long-term accuracy - e.g., 34 mV max drift vs. >100 mV for standard 2.5 V Zeners. |
| Voltage Monitoring | Comparator with Integrated Reference |
|
Use Scenario: Overvoltage detection in DC power distribution units or battery management systems. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Precision threshold detector using REF pin as comparator input and CATHODE as open-collector output. Use Value: Eliminates need for external reference IC and op-amp - simplifies BOM while maintaining 1% trip-point accuracy. |
Use Scenario: Window comparator or level-shifting interface in sensor signal conditioning circuits. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Dual-function device acting as both reference source and active comparator output stage. Use Value: Enables rail-to-rail input sensing with built-in hysteresis potential via external resistor network. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar shunt reference applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| TL431ACPK | Same A-grade tolerance and I-temp range, but TL431 pinout (REF–CATHODE–ANODE) - not pin-compatible | Requires PCB layout change; otherwise identical regulation behavior and thermal specs | Select TL431ACPK only if legacy board reuse or existing TL431 footprint is required |
| TL432AIPK | Same pinout and function, but I-grade (−40°C to +85°C) with 1% tolerance - differs only in temperature characterization | No functional difference in operation; identical SOT-89 mechanical fit and electrical performance | TL432AIPK offers same reliability and spec compliance - suitable for drop-in qualification where extended temp margin is unnecessary |
Compared with TL432ACPK, TL431ACPK demands PCB revision due to reversed CATHODE/ANODE pins, while TL432AIPK is functionally identical but characterized for the same temperature range - making it a direct sourcing alternative without design impact.
Availability
TL432ACPK is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for industrial power supplies, battery management systems, and isolated DC-DC converters requiring stable component supply with guaranteed long-term availability.
Supply support for TL432ACPK includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader specializing in analog and embedded processing technologies, with decades of expertise in precision reference and power management ICs.
The TL43x family was designed for high-accuracy voltage referencing in cost-sensitive, space-constrained power systems - emphasizing thermal stability, low drift, and robustness across automotive, industrial, and consumer applications.
FAQ
What is the reference voltage tolerance of TL432ACPK at 25°C?
The TL432ACPK has a ±1% initial reference voltage tolerance at 25°C (A-grade), corresponding to a 2.47–2.52 V range when tested at IKA = 10 mA and VKA = Vref. This is specified in Section 7.8 of the SLVS543P datasheet and distinguishes it from the tighter ±0.5% B-grade (TL432BCPK) and looser ±2% standard grade.
Does TL432ACPK support operation beyond 85°C?
No - TL432ACPK is rated for −40°C to +85°C (I-grade). While absolute maximum junction temperature is 150°C, its electrical characteristics are only guaranteed within the I-grade operating range. For 125°C operation, TI specifies TL432AQxx variants (e.g., TL432AQPK), which undergo extended temperature characterization and screening.
Can TL432ACPK replace a Zener diode directly on the same PCB?
TL432ACPK can replace Zener diodes functionally but not mechanically without layout modification: it requires three connections (REF, ANODE, CATHODE) versus two for a Zener, and its SOT-89 pinout (REF–ANODE–CATHODE) differs from common Zener footprints. External resistors are mandatory for voltage setting - unlike fixed Zeners.
What is the minimum cathode current needed for regulation in TL432ACPK?
The TL432ACPK requires a minimum cathode current (Imin) of 0.4–0.7 mA to maintain regulation, per Section 7.8 of the datasheet. Below this threshold, the device exits active regulation - critical for designing light-load or standby-mode feedback networks in SMPS applications.
How does the dynamic impedance of TL432ACPK affect power supply stability?
With 0.2 Ω typical dynamic impedance (|zKA|), the TL432ACPK maintains tight output voltage control during rapid cathode current changes - reducing feedback loop phase shift and improving transient response in isolated flyback converters. This low impedance directly enhances loop gain margin compared to higher-impedance references or Zeners.
TL432ACPK Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Package/Case:
- TO-243AA
- Series:
- -
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Obsolete
- Reference Type:
- Shunt
- Output Type:
- Adjustable
- Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):
- 2.495V
- Voltage - Output (Max):
- 36 V
- Current - Output:
- 100 mA
- Tolerance:
- ±1%
- Temperature Coefficient:
- -
- Noise - 0.1Hz to 10Hz:
- -
- Noise - 10Hz to 10kHz:
- -
- Voltage - Input:
- -
- Current - Supply:
- -
- Current - Cathode:
- 80 µA
- Operating Temperature:
- 0°C ~ 70°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- SOT-89-3
TL432ACPK FAQ
1.How can I place an order for TL432ACPK through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for TL432ACPK on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for TL432ACPK reliable?
The price and inventory of TL432ACPK are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for TL432ACPK is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for TL432ACPK?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for TL432ACPK transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for TL432ACPK?
TL432ACPK orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your TL432ACPK order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for TL432ACPK?
For technical support, including TL432ACPK datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your TL432ACPK requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that TL432ACPK is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All TL432ACPK products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that TL432ACPK meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of TL432ACPK?
All TL432ACPK units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with TL432ACPK, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The TL432ACPK part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for TL432ACPK:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
TL432ACPK Tags
-
TL431AIDBZR
Texas Instruments
-
TL431BQDBZR
Texas Instruments
-
AN431AN-ATRG1
Diodes Incorporated
-
LM4040CYM3-2.5-TR
Microchip Technology
-
LM4040CYM3-4.1-TR
Microchip Technology
-
LM4040EIM3-2.5/NOPB
Texas Instruments
-
AZ431LBNTR-G1
Diodes Incorporated
-
LM4040D20IDBZR
Texas Instruments
-
LM4041DIM3-ADJ/NOPB
Texas Instruments
-
LM4040DIM3X-2.5/NOPB
Texas Instruments
-
LM4040DIM3-2.5/NOPB
Texas Instruments
-
AZ431LANTR-G1
Diodes Incorporated
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