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STMicroelectronics TL432AIL3T
- Part No.:
- TL432AIL3T
- Manufacturer:
- STMicroelectronics
- Category:
- Voltage Reference
- Package:
- TO-236-3, SC-59, SOT-23-3
- Datasheet:
-
TL432AIL3T.pdf
- Description:
- IC VREF SHUNT ADJ 1% SOT23-3
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:15,345
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Product details
Overview
TL432AIL3T from STMicroelectronics is an AEC-Q100 qualified automotive-grade adjustable shunt voltage reference in SOT23-3 package, delivering 2.5–36 V output via two external resistors, ±1% initial voltage accuracy at 25 °C, 0.22 Ω typical dynamic impedance, and operation across –40 °C to +125 °C for engine control and battery management systems.
For engineers reviewing the TL432AIL3T datasheet, TL432AIL3T pinout, TL432AIL3T application, or TL432AIL3T equivalent, this device serves as a precision programmable reference in feedback loops of isolated DC-DC converters, automotive LDOs, and overvoltage protection circuits where thermal stability and sink current capability up to 100 mA are critical.
Technical Context
The TL432AIL3T implements a bandgap-based reference core with internal error amplifier and NPN output transistor, configured as a 3-terminal shunt regulator. It operates with cathode current from 1 mA to 100 mA and maintains regulation down to 0.5 mA minimum cathode current across its full automotive temperature range.
Its reference input (REF) senses voltage via external resistor divider; cathode (K) sinks current to ground when VKA exceeds VREF; anode (A) connects to system ground. The device exhibits –2.7 to –1.4 mV/V line regulation sensitivity and 7 mV max reference voltage deviation over –40 °C to +125 °C.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Reference Voltage Accuracy | ±1% at 25 °C - ensures precise setpoint for feedback networks without trimming. |
| Output Voltage Range | 2.5 V to 36 V - programmable via external R1/R2 divider for wide supply rail compatibility. |
| Dynamic Impedance | 0.22 Ω typical - enables stable regulation under fast load transients in power supply feedback paths. |
| Cathode Current Range | 1–100 mA - supports direct sinking into optocoupler LEDs or error amplifier inputs without buffering. |
| Operating Temperature | –40 °C to +125 °C - validated for under-hood automotive environments per AEC-Q100 Grade 1. |
| Reference Input Current | ≤ 4 µA max - minimizes divider current error and improves efficiency in high-impedance sensing. |
| Thermal Resistance | 136 °C/W (junction-to-case) - defines power dissipation limit in SOT23-3 package at rated current. |
Pinout & Package
SOT23-3 plastic surface-mount package with gull-wing leads, 1.3 mm height, and ECOPACK® RoHS-compliant finish. Pin 1 = Cathode (K), Pin 2 = Anode (A), Pin 3 = Reference (REF).
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Cathode (Pin 1) | Sink output terminal | Carries regulated current to ground; voltage at this node is controlled relative to REF and A. |
| Anode (Pin 2) | Ground reference terminal | Provides return path for reference current; must be connected to system ground for proper operation. |
| Reference (Pin 3) | Voltage sense input | Compares divided output voltage against internal 2.5 V bandgap; triggers cathode conduction when exceeded. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| AEC-Q100 qualification | Validated for automotive applications including engine control units and ADAS power rails. |
| Adjustable output via resistor divider | Enables single BOM part to support multiple output voltages without redesigning reference circuitry. |
| Low dynamic impedance (0.22 Ω) | Reduces output voltage ripple under varying load conditions in closed-loop SMPS designs. |
| Wide cathode current range (1–100 mA) | Eliminates need for external current-boosting transistors in optocoupler-driven feedback circuits. |
| Stable over –40 °C to +125 °C | Guarantees consistent regulation performance in extreme ambient conditions without derating. |
Applications
| Automotive Battery Management | Isolated Flyback Converter Feedback |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: Monitoring cell stack voltage in 12 V/48 V hybrid vehicle battery packs with overvoltage cutoff. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Shunt reference providing accurate threshold detection for protection ICs and microcontroller ADC inputs. Use Value: ±1% accuracy ensures reliable trip points across temperature; low IREF reduces power loss in high-resistance divider networks. |
Use Scenario: Secondary-side voltage sensing in automotive-grade isolated DC-DC converters powering infotainment systems. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Programmable reference driving optocoupler LED to close feedback loop across isolation barrier. Use Value: 100 mA sink capability directly drives common optocouplers (e.g., PC817, SFH615A); stable impedance maintains loop gain integrity. |
| Programmable LDO Output | Overvoltage Protection Circuit |
|
Use Scenario: Setting output voltage of adjustable linear regulators in ADAS camera modules requiring tight tolerance. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Precision reference replacing fixed-voltage references to enable flexible output configuration via firmware-controlled resistors. Use Value: Adjustable 2.5–36 V range allows single design to support multiple sensor supply rails; AEC-Q100 grade ensures reliability in vibration-prone environments. |
Use Scenario: Clamping output voltage during load dump events in automotive body control modules. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Fast-responding shunt element that activates when sensed voltage exceeds programmed threshold. Use Value: 0.5 mA minimum cathode current enables rapid turn-on; low dynamic impedance prevents overshoot during transient surges. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar adjustable shunt reference applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| TL431AIL3T | Same SOT23-3 package and ±1% accuracy, but rated only to +105 °C (not AEC-Q100 qualified). | Limited to industrial or non-automotive temperature environments; unsuitable for under-hood deployment. | Select TL431AIL3T only if automotive qualification and extended temperature range are not required. |
| TL432BIL3T | ±0.5% initial accuracy, same AEC-Q100 qualification and –40 °C to +125 °C range. | Used where tighter voltage tolerance is mandatory, e.g., precision sensor excitation or calibration circuits. | Choose TL432BIL3T when reference accuracy is prioritized over cost; TL432AIL3T offers optimal balance for general automotive feedback. |
Compared with TL431AIL3T, TL432AIL3T adds AEC-Q100 validation and extended high-temperature operation, while TL432BIL3T trades cost for higher accuracy-making TL432AIL3T the preferred choice for production automotive power supplies needing robustness and manufacturability.
Availability
TL432AIL3T is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for automotive battery management, isolated DC-DC converter feedback, and programmable LDO output regulation requiring stable component supply across long product lifecycles.
Supply support for TL432AIL3T includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
STMicroelectronics is a global semiconductor leader headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, designing and manufacturing analog, MCU, power, and automotive-grade components.
The TL432 belongs to ST's precision analog voltage reference product line, engineered specifically for automotive power systems demanding AEC-Q100 compliance, wide temperature operation, and high-reliability feedback control.
FAQ
What is the minimum cathode current required for regulation in TL432AIL3T?
The TL432AIL3T requires a minimum cathode current of 0.5 mA to maintain regulation across its full operating temperature range (–40 °C to +125 °C). This value is specified in Table 5 of the datasheet under "Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation" and remains stable up to 125 °C, ensuring reliable startup and feedback loop stability in automotive applications.
Can TL432AIL3T replace TL431CDT in existing designs?
TL432AIL3T is not a direct replacement for TL431CDT due to differences in temperature rating (–40 °C to +125 °C vs. 0 °C to +70 °C), AEC-Q100 qualification, and package marking (32AI vs. 431CH). While electrical behavior is identical, automotive qualification and extended temperature range require revalidation of thermal and reliability margins in the target application.
How does the dynamic impedance affect loop stability in feedback applications?
The TL432AIL3T's typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 Ω directly impacts phase margin in optocoupler-coupled feedback loops: lower impedance reduces gain peaking and improves transient response. Combined with its 100 mA sink capability, it maintains stable loop gain even with capacitive loading up to 10 µF, as verified in Figure 21 of the datasheet.
What is the maximum power dissipation for TL432AIL3T in SOT23-3 package?
In SOT23-3 package, TL432AIL3T has a junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (Rthja) of 248 °C/W. At maximum rated cathode current (100 mA) and 36 V cathode-anode voltage, power dissipation reaches 3.6 W - exceeding safe limits. Derating is required: maximum continuous power is 0.40 W at 25 °C ambient, per thermal limits defined in Table 1 and Figure 22 of the datasheet.
TL432AIL3T Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- STMicroelectronics
- Package/Case:
- TO-236-3, SC-59, SOT-23-3
- Series:
- -
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Active
- Reference Type:
- Shunt
- Output Type:
- Adjustable
- Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):
- 2.495V
- Voltage - Output (Max):
- 36 V
- Current - Output:
- 100 mA
- Tolerance:
- ±1%
- Temperature Coefficient:
- -
- Noise - 0.1Hz to 10Hz:
- -
- Noise - 10Hz to 10kHz:
- -
- Voltage - Input:
- -
- Current - Supply:
- -
- Current - Cathode:
- 80 µA
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 105°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- SOT-23-3
TL432AIL3T FAQ
1.How can I place an order for TL432AIL3T through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for TL432AIL3T on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for TL432AIL3T reliable?
The price and inventory of TL432AIL3T are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for TL432AIL3T is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for TL432AIL3T?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for TL432AIL3T transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for TL432AIL3T?
TL432AIL3T orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your TL432AIL3T order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for TL432AIL3T?
For technical support, including TL432AIL3T datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your TL432AIL3T requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that TL432AIL3T is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All TL432AIL3T products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that TL432AIL3T meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of TL432AIL3T?
All TL432AIL3T units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with TL432AIL3T, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The TL432AIL3T part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for TL432AIL3T:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
TL432AIL3T Tags
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TL431AIDBZR
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TL431BQDBZR
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AN431AN-ATRG1
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LM4040CYM3-2.5-TR
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LM4040CYM3-4.1-TR
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LM4040EIM3-2.5/NOPB
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AZ431LBNTR-G1
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LM4040D20IDBZR
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LM4041DIM3-ADJ/NOPB
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LM4040DIM3X-2.5/NOPB
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LM4040DIM3-2.5/NOPB
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AZ431LANTR-G1
Diodes Incorporated
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