STMicroelectronics VNP49N04

Overview

VNP49N04 from STMicroelectronics is a fully autoprotected monolithic VIPower MOSFET designed as a rugged, drop-in replacement for standard N-channel power MOSFETs in DC–50 kHz switching applications. It integrates linear current limiting (49 A typ.), overvoltage clamp (42 V), thermal shutdown (150 °C), diagnostic feedback via input pin, and ESD protection (2000 V HBM), enabling reliable operation in automotive body control modules and industrial motor drivers.

For engineers reviewing the VNP49N04 datasheet, VNP49N04 pinout, VNP49N04 application, or VNP49N04 equivalent, key selection criteria include its 0.02 Ω R_DS(on) at 10 V_IN, integrated fault detection, TO-220 package compatibility, and self-protecting behavior under short-circuit or overtemperature conditions.

Technical Context

The VNP49N04 implements ST's VIPower M0-3 process with a vertically diffused power MOSFET stage combined with smart bipolar-CMOS-DMOS circuitry. Its protection logic operates independently of input voltage: current limiting activates at 49 A (V_IN = 10 V), clamping engages above 42 V, and thermal shutdown triggers at ≥150 °C with automatic restart at ≤135 °C.

Diagnostic feedback is implemented by internally disconnecting the input pin from the gate and sinking ~50 mA to ground during fault events-enabling simple microcontroller-level fault detection without external sensors. The device supports analog gate driving and TTL-level input compatibility with minimal R_DS(on) penalty.

Key Specifications

Pinout & Package

Supplied in standard through-hole TO-220 package (1.9 g typical weight), with isolated tab electrically connected to drain. Pin 1: Input (gate control + fault feedback); Pin 2: Drain (tab); Pin 3: Source.

Key Features

Applications

Equivalent & Alternatives

The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar protected power switch applications.

Compared with STSPIN250 and IPS1021H, the VNP49N04 uniquely delivers 49 A linear current limiting in TO-220 with 0.02 Ω R_DS(on), making it optimal for high-power, high-reliability DC switching where fault autonomy and thermal resilience are mandatory.

Availability

VNP49N04 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for automotive body electronics, industrial motor starters, smart power outlets, and heating element controllers requiring stable component supply across extended production lifecycles.

Supply support for VNP49N04 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.

Manufacturer

STMicroelectronics is a global semiconductor leader headquartered in Geneva, designing and manufacturing silicon solutions for automotive, industrial, and power management applications.

The VNP49N04 belongs to ST's VIPower OMNIFET family-engineered specifically for intelligent, self-protected power switching in harsh environments where reliability, integration, and fault autonomy are critical.

FAQ

What is the maximum continuous drain current for VNP49N04?

The VNP49N04 features an internally limited linear current limit of 49 A (typical) at V_IN = 10 V and V_DS = 13 V. This is not a pulsed rating-it is a sustained, temperature-stable limit enforced by on-chip circuitry regardless of case temperature within operating range. Actual usable current depends on heatsink performance and ambient conditions.

How does the diagnostic feedback function work during a fault?

During overtemperature or short-circuit faults, the internal protection circuit disconnects the input pin from the gate and connects it to ground via a ~100 Ω internal resistor. This pulls the input pin voltage close to 0 V, allowing a microcontroller to detect the fault using a single GPIO or ADC channel-no external components required.

Can VNP49N04 be used in high-side configuration?

Yes-the VNP49N04 supports high-side switching because its source terminal is electrically isolated from the package tab (drain-connected). When mounted on an insulated heatsink, the source can be tied to system ground while the load connects between battery and drain, enabling direct control of positive rail loads.

Is external clamping required when driving inductive loads?

No external clamping is required. The device integrates a 42 V drain-source clamp with rugged avalanche capability (E_AS = 4 J), validated for unclamped inductive switching. This eliminates TVS diodes or freewheeling diodes in many 12 V/24 V applications-provided layout minimizes parasitic inductance and energy stays within rated limits.