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Renesas ZSPM4523AA1W
- Part No.:
- ZSPM4523AA1W
- Manufacturer:
- Renesas
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ZSPM4523AA1W.pdf
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- IC REG PQFN
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Product details
Overview
ZSPM4523AA1W from Integrated Device Technology (IDT) is a synchronous DC/DC switching super capacitor charger IC with integrated high-side and low-side MOSFETs, temperature-independent MPPT algorithm, I²C programmable termination voltage (2.48–2.74 V ±1%) and charge current (50–1500 mA), and full fault protection. It operates from 3.2–7.2 V PV input to charge supercapacitors in solar-powered wireless sensor networks and off-grid portable systems.
For engineers reviewing the ZSPM4523AA1W datasheet, ZSPM4523AA1W pinout, ZSPM4523AA1W application, or ZSPM4523AA1W equivalent, key selection criteria include its 1 MHz switching frequency, reverse-current blocking, NFLT fault reporting, VOUT over-voltage protection at 102% of programmed termination voltage, and thermal shutdown at 170°C.
Technical Context
The ZSPM4523AA1W implements a buck topology with internal 250 mΩ high-side and 150 mΩ low-side MOSFETs, enabling up to 1.5 A continuous output current. Its MPPT engine dynamically adjusts duty cycle in Full-Charge Mode to maximize power extraction from photovoltaic sources without temperature drift compensation dependency.
Control is executed via an I²C interface (standard/fast mode, 100/400 kHz) accessing EEPROM-backed configuration registers for termination voltage (CONFIG1), charge current (CONFIG3), and enable/programming control (CONFIG_ENABLE, EEPROM_CTRL). Fault status-including VOUT over-voltage, thermal shutdown, and VIN under-voltage-is reported through the open-drain NFLT pin and STATUS register (00h).
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Input Voltage Range | 3.2 V to 7.2 V - supports direct connection to small PV panels (e.g., ~5 V @ 450 mA) without pre-regulation |
| Switching Frequency | 1 MHz ±10% - enables compact 4.7 µH inductor and 4.7 µF ceramic output filter |
| Max Output Current | 1.5 A - programmable down to 50 mA; current limit set at 2.5 A for HS switch over-current protection |
| Termination Voltage | 2.48 V to 2.74 V ±1% - user-selectable in 60 mV steps via CONFIG1 register for precise supercapacitor voltage regulation |
| Efficiency | Up to 92% at typical load - achieved via synchronous rectification and low RDS(on) power switches |
| Quiescent Current (Disabled) | 10 µA typical - minimizes leakage drain from supercapacitor during system sleep or shutdown |
| Protection Features | VIN UVLO (3.15 V threshold), VOUT OVP (102% of VTERM), thermal shutdown (170°C), and cycle-by-cycle current limiting |
Pinout & Package
Packaged in a thermally enhanced 16-pin PQFN (4 mm × 4 mm) with exposed thermal pad for junction-to-board heat transfer (θJA = 50°C/W).
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| VIN | Photovoltaic input supply | Primary power source input; monitored for UVLO (3.15 V) and supplies internal regulators |
| VOUT | Regulated supercapacitor output | Charged output node; includes reverse-current blocking and OVP detection |
| SW | Switch node | Connection point between internal HS and LS MOSFETs; drives external LOUT inductor |
| PGND | Power ground | High-current return path for inductor and power switches; separate from signal GND |
| GND | Signal ground | Reference for analog circuitry, I²C interface, and internal error amplifier |
| EN | Enable control input | Active-high logic input (VIH ≥ 2.2 V); disables device and reduces IQ to 10 µA |
| NFLT | Inverted fault indicator | Open-drain output pulled low on any fault (VOUT_OV, TSD, VIN_UV); requires external pull-up |
| SCL / SDA | I²C serial interface | Standard-mode/fast-mode slave interface (100/400 kHz); supports configuration and status readback |
| VSENSE | Output voltage sense | High-impedance feedback input for precision VOUT regulation; connects to supercapacitor cathode |
| RSENSE | Current sense resistor connection | Low-side current sensing node; sets charge current via external 50 mΩ resistor |
| VDD | Internal regulator output | 3.3 V regulated supply for internal logic; requires 70–130 nF CVDD bypass capacitor |
| CIN / COUT / LOUT | External passive connections | Not pins - designated locations for input bypass (CIN), output filter (COUT + LOUT), per application circuit |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature-independent MPPT | Eliminates need for external temperature sensors or calibration; maintains peak PV power tracking across -40°C to 125°C |
| VOUT reverse-current blocking | Prevents supercapacitor discharge back into PV source when VIN drops or EN is deasserted |
| I²C programmable registers | Enables field-adjustable termination voltage and charge current without hardware changes or BOM revision |
| Fault reporting via NFLT | Single open-drain pin signals all critical faults (OVP, TSD, UVLO), simplifying host MCU monitoring and system-level response |
| Integrated power switches | Reduces external component count: no external MOSFETs, drivers, or bootstrap circuitry required |
Applications
| Portable Solar Chargers | Off-Grid Remote Monitoring |
|---|---|
Use Scenario: Compact, weather-resistant solar chargers for handheld instruments or emergency kits using single-cell supercapacitors. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Primary MPPT-controlled charging regulator that converts variable PV output into stable supercapacitor voltage with automatic transition from Full-Charge to Constant Voltage Mode. Use Value: Enables >92% energy transfer efficiency and 10 µA shutdown current, extending usable runtime between sun exposure cycles. | Use Scenario: Battery-free environmental sensors deployed in remote locations powered solely by small PV panels and supercapacitors. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Autonomous solar energy manager that regulates supercapacitor charge level while reporting faults (e.g., thermal overload, input dropout) via NFLT to the sensor MCU. Use Value: Eliminates battery replacement logistics and supports 125°C junction operation for deployment in unventilated enclosures. |
| Wireless Sensor Networks | Low-Power IoT Edge Nodes |
Use Scenario: Mesh-networked soil moisture or air quality nodes harvesting ambient light via miniature PV cells. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: High-efficiency DC/DC charger interfacing directly to 2.7 V supercapacitors, with I²C-configurable charge parameters to match varying energy budgets. Use Value: Programmable 50–1500 mA charge current allows dynamic adaptation to irradiance levels and system wake/sleep cycles. | Use Scenario: Industrial predictive maintenance sensors mounted on rotating equipment where battery access is impractical. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Supercapacitor charge controller with built-in VOUT OVP (102% of VTERM) and thermal shutdown (170°C), ensuring safe operation under mechanical vibration and thermal stress. Use Value: Internal 250/150 mΩ MOSFETs and 1 MHz switching minimize board area and EMI, easing integration into space-constrained edge housings. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar supercapacitor charging applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| MAX17710 | Lower max input (5.5 V), fixed 2.5 V termination, no MPPT, 100 mA max charge current | Targeted at low-power energy harvesting (e.g., RF, thermal); lacks solar-optimized MPPT and high-current capability | Select MAX17710 only for ultra-low-power (<100 mA) applications where MPPT is unnecessary and input voltage stays ≤5.5 V |
| BQ24650 | Li-ion focused; supports 2–28 V input but no MPPT; requires external MOSFETs; 3 A max current | Designed for battery backup systems; lacks integrated supercapacitor-specific features (reverse blocking, VOUT OVP at %VTERM) | Choose BQ24650 only when charging Li-ion batteries from PV, not supercapacitors - requires redesign for external FETs and feedback network |
Compared with MAX17710 and BQ24650, the ZSPM4523AA1W uniquely combines solar MPPT, supercapacitor-optimized protection (reverse blocking, %VTERM-based OVP), and fully integrated 1.5 A switching stage - making it the only drop-in solution for high-efficiency, programmable supercapacitor charging from PV sources.
Availability
ZSPM4523AA1W is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for portable solar chargers, off-grid remote monitoring, and wireless sensor networks requiring stable component supply, long-term lifecycle support, and traceable sourcing.
Supply support for ZSPM4523AA1W includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Integrated Device Technology (IDT), now part of Renesas Electronics, designs high-performance timing, memory interface, and power management ICs for communications, computing, and industrial markets.
The ZSPM4523AA1W belongs to IDT's Smart Power product line, engineered specifically for energy-harvesting applications requiring autonomous, efficient, and protected supercapacitor charging from photovoltaic sources.
FAQ
What is the maximum photovoltaic input voltage supported by the ZSPM4523AA1W?
The ZSPM4523AA1W supports a photovoltaic input voltage range of 3.2 V to 7.2 V, with a typical operating point near 5.3 V. Its VIN under-voltage lockout activates at 3.15 V (typical), and absolute maximum rating is 8 V. This range accommodates common single- or dual-cell solar panels used in portable and low-power energy harvesting systems. The ZSPM4523AA1W uses this input to drive its internal synchronous buck converter and MPPT algorithm.
How does the ZSPM4523AA1W implement maximum power point tracking without temperature sensors?
The ZSPM4523AA1W implements a temperature-independent MPPT algorithm that continuously adjusts the duty cycle in Full-Charge Mode to maximize instantaneous power extraction from the PV source, regardless of ambient temperature. Unlike voltage-based or perturb-and-observe methods requiring thermal compensation, this proprietary technique relies on real-time VIN–IIN sampling and internal calculation - confirmed in the datasheet as "temperature-independent" and validated across –40°C to 125°C. The ZSPM4523AA1W does not require external thermistors or calibration.
Can the ZSPM4523AA1W charge multiple supercapacitors in series?
No, the ZSPM4523AA1W is designed to regulate a single supercapacitor or parallel supercapacitor bank at its VOUT pin, with a maximum termination voltage of 2.74 V. Its feedback architecture (VSENSE) and over-voltage protection (102% of VTERM) are calibrated for this range. Charging series-connected supercapacitors would exceed the device's output voltage capability and violate absolute maximum ratings. For higher-voltage stacks, a different architecture or cascaded ZSPM4523AA1W units with isolation are required - neither supported natively by the ZSPM4523AA1W.
What happens to the ZSPM4523AA1W output when the EN pin is pulled low?
When the EN pin is pulled low (≤0.8 V), the ZSPM4523AA1W enters disabled mode, halting switching activity and reducing quiescent current to 10 µA (typical) drawn from VOUT. During disable, VOUT reverse-current blocking remains active, preventing discharge into the PV source. The NFLT pin releases to high-impedance, and I²C registers retain their last programmed values. The ZSPM4523AA1W resumes normal operation only after EN rises above 2.2 V and VIN exceeds the UVLO threshold (3.15 V).
Is the ZSPM4523AA1W pinout compatible with other devices in the ZSPM45xx family?
The ZSPM4523AA1W shares the same 16-pin PQFN package and core pin assignments (VIN, VOUT, SW, PGND, GND, EN, NFLT, SCL, SDA, VSENSE, RSENSE, VDD) with ZSPM4521 and ZSPM4551, but functional differences exist: ZSPM4521 targets Li-ion batteries (different termination range, no VOUT reverse blocking), and ZSPM4551 lacks MPPT. While PCB layout may be reused, firmware, external components (e.g., RSENSE value), and safety margins must be revalidated for each variant. The ZSPM4523AA1W is not a drop-in replacement for those parts without system-level verification.
ZSPM4523AA1W Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Renesas
- Series:
- *
- Package/Case:
- -
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Active
- Function:
- -
- Output Configuration:
- -
- Topology:
- -
- Output Type:
- -
- Number of Outputs:
- -
- Voltage - Input (Min):
- -
- Voltage - Input (Max):
- -
- Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed):
- -
- Voltage - Output (Max):
- -
- Current - Output:
- -
- Frequency - Switching:
- -
- Synchronous Rectifier:
- -
- Operating Temperature:
- -
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- -
- Supplier Device Package:
- -
ZSPM4523AA1W FAQ
1.How can I place an order for ZSPM4523AA1W through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for ZSPM4523AA1W on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for ZSPM4523AA1W reliable?
The price and inventory of ZSPM4523AA1W are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for ZSPM4523AA1W is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for ZSPM4523AA1W?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for ZSPM4523AA1W transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for ZSPM4523AA1W?
ZSPM4523AA1W orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your ZSPM4523AA1W order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for ZSPM4523AA1W?
For technical support, including ZSPM4523AA1W datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your ZSPM4523AA1W requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that ZSPM4523AA1W is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All ZSPM4523AA1W products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that ZSPM4523AA1W meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of ZSPM4523AA1W?
All ZSPM4523AA1W units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with ZSPM4523AA1W, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The ZSPM4523AA1W part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for ZSPM4523AA1W:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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