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Texas Instruments DRV3946QPWPRQ1
- Part No.:
- DRV3946QPWPRQ1
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Category:
- Full Half-Bridge (H Bridge) Drivers
- Package:
- 28-PowerTSSOP (0.173", 4.40mm Width)
- Datasheet:
-
DRV3946QPWPRQ1.pdf
- Description:
- AUTOMOTIVE 12-V CONTACTOR DRIVER
- Quantity:
- Payment:
- Shipping:
Inventory:2,437
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Product details
Overview
DRV3946QPWPRQ1 from Texas Instruments is an AEC-Q100 Grade 1 (–40°C to +125°C) dual-channel automotive solenoid driver with integrated modified half-bridge, ±5% accurate current sensing, closed-loop PWM regulation, and ASIL-C hardware integrity. It delivers configurable peak/hold currents up to 6 A per channel, supports up to 20 kHz PWM frequency, and enables redundant shut-off via external high-side switch for EV contactor relay control in battery disconnect units.
For engineers reviewing the DRV3946QPWPRQ1 datasheet, DRV3946QPWPRQ1 pinout, DRV3946QPWPRQ1 application, or DRV3946QPWPRQ1 equivalent, key selection criteria include its dual-channel current-regulated driving capability, addressable 24-bit SPI interface with CRC, integrated clamping for fast turn-off, functional safety documentation for ISO 26262 system design, and HTSSOP-28 package with thermal pad for automotive power management systems.
Technical Context
The DRV3946QPWPRQ1 implements a modified half-bridge architecture with independent low-side (37 mΩ typical RDS(ON)) and high-side (57 mΩ typical RDS(ON)) MOSFETs, enabling charging, recirculation, and clamping functions per channel. Its internal current regulation loop eliminates MCU-level software control, reducing firmware overhead.
It features dual analog current feedback pins (IPROPI1/IPROPI2), addressable 4-wire SPI with broadcast command support, and comprehensive diagnostics including open/short load detection, QTO (quick turn-off) monitoring, and forced relay open on undercurrent or undervoltage - all validated for ASIL D systematic integrity and ASIL C hardware integrity.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value and Actual Design Meaning |
|---|---|
| Operating Voltage | 4.5 V to 35 V PVDD; supports 28 V nominal automotive systems with 40 V absolute max - enables direct integration into 12 V/24 V EV battery architectures. |
| Output Current Capability | Configurable peak/hold current up to 6 A per channel; ±5% current sense accuracy ensures precise solenoid actuation timing and energy control. |
| PWM Frequency Range | 4.3 kHz to 20 kHz center frequency with dithering; reduces audible noise and EMI in proportional solenoid applications. |
| Current Regulation | Closed-loop internal PWM control with programmable peak time (14 ms to 288 ms) and hold current thresholds - eliminates need for external current control loop in MCU. |
| SPI Interface | 24-bit addressable SPI with CRC, readback, and bus fault detection; supports up to 16 devices on shared bus with simultaneous broadcast commands. |
| Thermal Performance | RθJA = 23.9 °C/W (HTSSOP-28); thermal pad connected to GND enables >3 W continuous power dissipation in automotive ambient conditions. |
| Functional Safety | ASIL-C rated hardware integrity; ISO 26262 documentation available for system-level integration into ASIL-D vehicle control units. |
Pinout & Package
DRV3946QPWPRQ1 is housed in a thermally enhanced HTSSOP-28 package (9.7 mm × 4.4 mm) with exposed thermal pad (TPAD) that must be soldered to PCB ground for thermal and electrical performance.
| Pin/Terminal | Circuit Role | Design Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| OUT1 (Pins 9–11) | Power output (Channel 1) | Low-side and high-side driver outputs for solenoid connection; internally clamped to PVDD/GND during turn-off. |
| OUT2 (Pins 18–20) | Power output (Channel 2) | Independent dual-channel output; supports separate or synchronized control of two solenoids or relays. |
| IPROPI1 (Pin 4), IPROPI2 (Pin 25) | Analog current feedback | ±5% accurate voltage output proportional to load current; used for real-time monitoring and closed-loop regulation. |
| EN/EN1 (Pin 5), DIS/EN2 (Pin 24) | Digital enable/disable control | Independent hardware shutdown pins for each channel; support configurable turn-on/turn-off delays (0–63 ms). |
| nFAULT/NAD (Pin 26) | Fault indicator / node address | Open-drain fault flag; resistor-programmable address (2-bit NAD) for SPI bus identification. |
| SDI, SDO, SCLK, nSCS (Pins 28, 27, 1, 2) | 4-wire SPI interface | Addressable serial interface with CRC, bus fault detection, and broadcast capability - reduces MCU GPIO and SPI resource usage. |
| PVDD (Pins 6–8, 21–23), VDD (Pin 3), GND (Pins 12–17) | Power supply rails | Dual-supply architecture: PVDD powers high-voltage drivers; VDD powers logic and SPI - enables robust isolation between power and control domains. |
Key Features
| Feature | Design Value |
|---|---|
| Redundant clamp circuits | Integrated high-side clamp + active low-side clamp ensures <10 µs turn-off time and prevents voltage overshoot during inductive kickback. |
| Configurable peak/hold timing | Programmable peak duration (14–288 ms) and hold current thresholds enable optimal power savings across diverse solenoid inductance/resistance profiles. |
| On/off-state diagnostics | Continuous open-circuit, short-circuit, and loss-of-control detection during both active and inactive states - critical for BDU and BJB safety compliance. |
| External high-side cutoff support | Single-wire low-side control allows pairing with shared external high-side switch for fail-safe redundant shut-off in ASIL-D systems. |
| Robust SPI with broadcast | 24-bit address space, CRC protection, and broadcast command structure allow coordinated multi-device operation without individual addressing overhead. |
Applications
| EV Contactor Relay Control | Battery Disconnect Unit (BDU) |
|---|---|
|
Use Scenario: High-reliability switching of main traction battery contactors during vehicle startup, shutdown, and crash events. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Dual-channel solenoid driver providing regulated peak current for contactor pull-in and low-power hold current for sustained closure. Use Value: Eliminates discrete driver complexity while meeting ASIL-C hardware integrity requirements and supporting forced open on undervoltage faults. |
Use Scenario: Isolating high-voltage battery packs from downstream inverters and chargers during fault conditions or service mode. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Functional safety-compliant driver enabling controlled, monitored disconnection with diagnostic feedback to VCU. Use Value: Integrated diagnostics detect open/short loads and confirm mechanical contactor position - essential for ISO 26262 FMEDA analysis. |
| Proportional Solenoid Actuation | Active Suspension System Valve Control |
|
Use Scenario: Precise hydraulic or pneumatic flow control in transmission shift solenoids and brake-by-wire actuators. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Closed-loop PWM current regulator delivering smooth, ripple-controlled current with 20 kHz dithering to suppress audible noise. Use Value: ±5% current sense accuracy and programmable ramp times ensure repeatable force output across temperature and aging. |
Use Scenario: Real-time damping adjustment via fast-response solenoid valves in semi-active suspension ECUs. IC Role / Device Role / Timing Role: Dual-channel driver with independent EN/EN1 and DIS/EN2 pins enabling synchronized or staggered valve actuation sequences. Use Value: Quick turn-off clamping and <10 µs response time prevent hydraulic lag, improving ride comfort and handling stability. |
Equivalent & Alternatives
The following parts are listed as comparable options for similar solenoid driver applications.
| Alternative Part | Technical Difference | Application Difference | Selection Advice |
|---|---|---|---|
| DRV3945QPWPRQ1 | Single-channel version with identical architecture, specs, and safety certification; same HTSSOP-28 package. | Used where only one solenoid or relay requires ASIL-C compliant drive; halves board area vs. dual-channel solution. | Select when system requires only one high-integrity solenoid driver and board space is constrained. |
| TPS65381A-Q1 | Multi-rail PMIC with integrated solenoid driver (single channel), lower current rating (3 A), no addressable SPI, and ASIL-B rated hardware. | Targeted at cost-sensitive body control modules where full ASIL-C is not required and mixed power rail generation is needed. | Choose when integrating solenoid drive with LDOs/DC-DCs in non-safety-critical subsystems - not suitable for BDU/VCU ASIL-D decomposition. |
Compared with DRV3945QPWPRQ1, the DRV3946QPWPRQ1 doubles channel count without increasing footprint; versus TPS65381A-Q1, it provides higher current, ASIL-C hardware integrity, and advanced diagnostics essential for battery safety systems.
Availability
DRV3946QPWPRQ1 is available at Aetrix Electronics and suitable for EV contactor relays, Battery Disconnect Units (BDUs), and Vehicle Control Units (VCUs) requiring stable component supply, long-term automotive lifecycle support, and AEC-Q100 qualified assurance.
Supply support for DRV3946QPWPRQ1 includes scheduled delivery planning, volume procurement assistance, BOM continuity management, traceable sourcing, and lifecycle availability coordination for OEM customers, industrial embedded developers, connected-device designers, and electronics production programs.
Manufacturer
Texas Instruments is a global semiconductor leader specializing in analog, embedded processing, and automotive ICs, with decades of experience in functional safety and high-reliability power management solutions.
The DRV3946QPWPRQ1 belongs to TI's automotive solenoid driver product line, designed specifically for ASIL-C compliant control of high-current inductive loads in EV battery systems, including contactor relays, BDUs, and active suspension valves.
FAQ
What is the maximum continuous output current supported by the DRV3946QPWPRQ1?
The DRV3946QPWPRQ1 supports configurable peak currents up to 6 A and hold currents down to 0.2 A per channel. Continuous current capability depends on thermal design: with proper PCB copper and thermal pad grounding, it sustains ≥3 A per channel at +125°C ambient. The device includes overcurrent protection (11–22 A threshold) and thermal shutdown to prevent damage during transient overload.
Does the DRV3946QPWPRQ1 require an external microcontroller to implement current regulation?
No. The DRV3946QPWPRQ1 features an internal closed-loop PWM current regulation engine that operates autonomously. Once configured via SPI (e.g., peak/hold current thresholds and timing), it maintains precise current without MCU intervention - significantly reducing software development effort and CPU load in vehicle control units.
How does the DRV3946QPWPRQ1 support functional safety compliance in ISO 26262 systems?
The DRV3946QPWPRQ1 is developed for functional safety applications with documented ASIL-D systematic integrity and ASIL-C hardware integrity. It provides built-in self-test, redundant monitoring paths, fault reporting via nFAULT, and safety manual support - enabling system architects to meet safety goals for relay control without adding external redundancy components.
Can multiple DRV3946QPWPRQ1 devices share a single SPI bus?
Yes. The DRV3946QPWPRQ1 implements a 24-bit addressable SPI interface with programmable node address (NAD) via external resistors on nFAULT/NAD. Up to 16 devices can coexist on one bus, and broadcast commands allow simultaneous configuration or reset - ideal for multi-relay battery junction boxes requiring synchronized operation.
What package type and thermal considerations apply to the DRV3946QPWPRQ1?
The DRV3946QPWPRQ1 uses an HTSSOP-28 package (9.7 mm × 4.4 mm) with exposed thermal pad (TPAD). For reliable operation, TPAD must be soldered to a large GND copper pour using ≥6 thermal vias. With this layout, RθJA is 23.9 °C/W, enabling >3 W power dissipation at +125°C ambient - critical for sustained 6 A peak current in automotive under-hood environments.
DRV3946QPWPRQ1 Specifications
- Product attributes
- Attribute value
- Manufacturer:
- Texas Instruments
- Series:
- -
- Package/Case:
- 28-PowerTSSOP (0.173", 4.40mm Width)
- Packaging:
- Tape & Reel (TR)
- Product Status:
- Active
- Output Configuration:
- Half Bridge
- Applications:
- Relays, Solenoids
- Interface:
- SPI
- Load Type:
- Inductive
- Technology:
- -
- Rds On (Typ):
- 37mOhm LS, 57mOhm HS
- Current - Output / Channel:
- -
- Current - Peak Output:
- -
- Voltage - Supply:
- 12V
- Voltage - Load:
- 12V (Max)
- Operating Temperature:
- -40°C ~ 125°C (TA)
- Grade:
- -
- Qualification:
- -
- Features:
- Status Flag
- Fault Protection:
- -
- Mounting Type:
- Surface Mount
- Supplier Device Package:
- 28-HTSSOP
DRV3946QPWPRQ1 FAQ
1.How can I place an order for DRV3946QPWPRQ1 through Aetrix?
Please submit a Request for Quotation (RFQ) for DRV3946QPWPRQ1 on Aetrix. Our sales agent will provide a competitive quotation and guide you through the order confirmation once you accept the terms.
2.Are the price and stock information for DRV3946QPWPRQ1 reliable?
The price and inventory of DRV3946QPWPRQ1 are updated periodically and may fluctuate due to market conditions. Stock and pricing data are typically refreshed every 24 hours. Quotation validity for DRV3946QPWPRQ1 is usually 5 days.
3.What payment methods are accepted for DRV3946QPWPRQ1?
We accept Wire Transfer, PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, MoneyGram, and Escrow for DRV3946QPWPRQ1 transactions.
Note: Certain payment methods may incur a processing fee.
4.How is shipping managed for DRV3946QPWPRQ1?
DRV3946QPWPRQ1 orders can be shipped via leading logistics carriers, including DHL, UPS, FedEx, TNT, or Registered Mail.
Once your DRV3946QPWPRQ1 order is processed, you will receive an email with the shipment details and tracking number.
Note: Tracking information may take up to 24 hours to appear. Express delivery typically takes 3–5 business days.
5.How can I obtain technical support or documentation for DRV3946QPWPRQ1?
For technical support, including DRV3946QPWPRQ1 datasheets, pinout diagrams, or application guidance, please contact our engineering support team. They can provide detailed documentation and assistance for your DRV3946QPWPRQ1 requirements.
6.How does Aetrix verify that DRV3946QPWPRQ1 is sourced from the original manufacturer or authorized distributors?
All DRV3946QPWPRQ1 products on Aetrix are procured from qualified distributors and authorized channels. Our dedicated quality assurance team conducts strict verification, including traceability checks and, if necessary, third-party testing. This ensures that DRV3946QPWPRQ1 meets industry standards.
7.What is the process for return or replacement of DRV3946QPWPRQ1?
All DRV3946QPWPRQ1 units undergo pre-shipment inspection (PSI). If there is an issue with DRV3946QPWPRQ1, returns or replacements are accepted under the following conditions:
1.Quantity discrepancies, incorrect items, or visible external defects (such as breakage or corrosion), acknowledged by Aetrix.
2.The issue is reported within 90 days of delivery.
3.The DRV3946QPWPRQ1 part is unused and in its original packaging.
Return procedure for DRV3946QPWPRQ1:
1.Submit a request within 90 days.
2.Obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) from Aetrix.
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